Is targeted biopsy really needed when performing systematic prostate biopsy to raise the detection rate for prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen ≤10 ng/mL?

Targeted biopsy with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and hypoechoic lesions on transrectal ultrasound has been implemented to increase prostate cancer detection rate. We compared the detection abilities of systematic prostate biopsy, hypoechoic lesion-targeted biopsy (HL-TBx), and cognitive magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy (MRI-TBx) in patients with suspected prostate cancer. Between September 2014 and August 2016, 193 patients with a prostate-specific antigen level of 3 to 10 ng/mL underwent HL-TBx or MRI-TBx. In patients who refused magnetic resonance imaging examination before prostate biopsy, HL-TBx was performed. We compared cancer detection rates and pathologic outcomes between systematic prostate biopsy and HL-TBx or MRI-TBx. The cancer detection rates for HL-TBx and MRI-TBx were 40.8% and 43.8%, respectively, without a significant difference (P = .683). Of the 81 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, most patients (77 patients, 95.1%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer by systematic prostate biopsy. The detection ability for prostate cancer was significantly better for systematic prostate biopsy than for HL-TBx or MRI-TBx (P < .001). The detection abilities for clinically significant prostate cancer similar between HL-TBx and systematic prostate biopsy. Systematic prostate biopsy alone should be recommended for detection prostate cancer in patients with a prostate-specific antigen ≤10 ng/mL.