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Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology
Studies of brain network connectivity improved understanding on brain changes and adaptation in response to different pathologies. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of neurons to modify their connections, is involved in brain network remodeling following different types of brain damage (e.g., vascula...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6940892/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31817968 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246193 |
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author | Stampanoni Bassi, Mario Iezzi, Ennio Gilio, Luana Centonze, Diego Buttari, Fabio |
author_facet | Stampanoni Bassi, Mario Iezzi, Ennio Gilio, Luana Centonze, Diego Buttari, Fabio |
author_sort | Stampanoni Bassi, Mario |
collection | PubMed |
description | Studies of brain network connectivity improved understanding on brain changes and adaptation in response to different pathologies. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of neurons to modify their connections, is involved in brain network remodeling following different types of brain damage (e.g., vascular, neurodegenerative, inflammatory). Although synaptic plasticity mechanisms have been extensively elucidated, how neural plasticity can shape network organization is far from being completely understood. Similarities existing between synaptic plasticity and principles governing brain network organization could be helpful to define brain network properties and reorganization profiles after damage. In this review, we discuss how different forms of synaptic plasticity, including homeostatic and anti-homeostatic mechanisms, could be directly involved in generating specific brain network characteristics. We propose that long-term potentiation could represent the neurophysiological basis for the formation of highly connected nodes (hubs). Conversely, homeostatic plasticity may contribute to stabilize network activity preventing poor and excessive connectivity in the peripheral nodes. In addition, synaptic plasticity dysfunction may drive brain network disruption in neuropsychiatric conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. Optimal network architecture, characterized by efficient information processing and resilience, and reorganization after damage strictly depend on the balance between these forms of plasticity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6940892 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69408922020-01-09 Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology Stampanoni Bassi, Mario Iezzi, Ennio Gilio, Luana Centonze, Diego Buttari, Fabio Int J Mol Sci Review Studies of brain network connectivity improved understanding on brain changes and adaptation in response to different pathologies. Synaptic plasticity, the ability of neurons to modify their connections, is involved in brain network remodeling following different types of brain damage (e.g., vascular, neurodegenerative, inflammatory). Although synaptic plasticity mechanisms have been extensively elucidated, how neural plasticity can shape network organization is far from being completely understood. Similarities existing between synaptic plasticity and principles governing brain network organization could be helpful to define brain network properties and reorganization profiles after damage. In this review, we discuss how different forms of synaptic plasticity, including homeostatic and anti-homeostatic mechanisms, could be directly involved in generating specific brain network characteristics. We propose that long-term potentiation could represent the neurophysiological basis for the formation of highly connected nodes (hubs). Conversely, homeostatic plasticity may contribute to stabilize network activity preventing poor and excessive connectivity in the peripheral nodes. In addition, synaptic plasticity dysfunction may drive brain network disruption in neuropsychiatric conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. Optimal network architecture, characterized by efficient information processing and resilience, and reorganization after damage strictly depend on the balance between these forms of plasticity. MDPI 2019-12-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6940892/ /pubmed/31817968 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246193 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Stampanoni Bassi, Mario Iezzi, Ennio Gilio, Luana Centonze, Diego Buttari, Fabio Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology |
title | Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology |
title_full | Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology |
title_fullStr | Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology |
title_full_unstemmed | Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology |
title_short | Synaptic Plasticity Shapes Brain Connectivity: Implications for Network Topology |
title_sort | synaptic plasticity shapes brain connectivity: implications for network topology |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6940892/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31817968 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246193 |
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