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The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an intricate structure composed of the mandibular condyle, articular disc, and glenoid fossa in the temporal bone. Apical condylar cartilage is classified as a secondary cartilage, is fibrocartilaginous in nature, and is structurally distinct from growth plate an...

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Autores principales: Bechtold, Till E., Kurio, Naito, Nah, Hyun-Duck, Saunders, Cheri, Billings, Paul C., Koyama, Eiki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941023/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847127
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246300
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author Bechtold, Till E.
Kurio, Naito
Nah, Hyun-Duck
Saunders, Cheri
Billings, Paul C.
Koyama, Eiki
author_facet Bechtold, Till E.
Kurio, Naito
Nah, Hyun-Duck
Saunders, Cheri
Billings, Paul C.
Koyama, Eiki
author_sort Bechtold, Till E.
collection PubMed
description The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an intricate structure composed of the mandibular condyle, articular disc, and glenoid fossa in the temporal bone. Apical condylar cartilage is classified as a secondary cartilage, is fibrocartilaginous in nature, and is structurally distinct from growth plate and articular cartilage in long bones. Condylar cartilage is organized in distinct cellular layers that include a superficial layer that produces lubricants, a polymorphic/progenitor layer that contains stem/progenitor cells, and underlying layers of flattened and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Uniquely, progenitor cells reside near the articular surface, proliferate, undergo chondrogenesis, and mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes. During the past decades, there has been a growing interest in the molecular mechanisms by which the TMJ develops and acquires its unique structural and functional features. Indian hedgehog (Ihh), which regulates skeletal development including synovial joint formation, also plays pivotal roles in TMJ development and postnatal maintenance. This review provides a description of the many important recent advances in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in TMJ biology. These include studies that used conventional approaches and those that analyzed the phenotype of tissue-specific mouse mutants lacking Ihh or associated molecules. The recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism regulating TMJ development are impressive and these findings will have major implications for future translational medicine tools to repair and regenerate TMJ congenital anomalies and acquired diseases, such as degenerative damage in TMJ osteoarthritic conditions.
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spelling pubmed-69410232020-01-09 The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation Bechtold, Till E. Kurio, Naito Nah, Hyun-Duck Saunders, Cheri Billings, Paul C. Koyama, Eiki Int J Mol Sci Review The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an intricate structure composed of the mandibular condyle, articular disc, and glenoid fossa in the temporal bone. Apical condylar cartilage is classified as a secondary cartilage, is fibrocartilaginous in nature, and is structurally distinct from growth plate and articular cartilage in long bones. Condylar cartilage is organized in distinct cellular layers that include a superficial layer that produces lubricants, a polymorphic/progenitor layer that contains stem/progenitor cells, and underlying layers of flattened and hypertrophic chondrocytes. Uniquely, progenitor cells reside near the articular surface, proliferate, undergo chondrogenesis, and mature into hypertrophic chondrocytes. During the past decades, there has been a growing interest in the molecular mechanisms by which the TMJ develops and acquires its unique structural and functional features. Indian hedgehog (Ihh), which regulates skeletal development including synovial joint formation, also plays pivotal roles in TMJ development and postnatal maintenance. This review provides a description of the many important recent advances in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in TMJ biology. These include studies that used conventional approaches and those that analyzed the phenotype of tissue-specific mouse mutants lacking Ihh or associated molecules. The recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism regulating TMJ development are impressive and these findings will have major implications for future translational medicine tools to repair and regenerate TMJ congenital anomalies and acquired diseases, such as degenerative damage in TMJ osteoarthritic conditions. MDPI 2019-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6941023/ /pubmed/31847127 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246300 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Bechtold, Till E.
Kurio, Naito
Nah, Hyun-Duck
Saunders, Cheri
Billings, Paul C.
Koyama, Eiki
The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation
title The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation
title_full The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation
title_fullStr The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation
title_full_unstemmed The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation
title_short The Roles of Indian Hedgehog Signaling in TMJ Formation
title_sort roles of indian hedgehog signaling in tmj formation
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6941023/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847127
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20246300
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