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Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom Multispectral Filter Arrays
[Image: see text] Snapshot multispectral image (MSI) sensors have been proposed as a key enabler for a plethora of multispectral imaging applications, from diagnostic medical imaging to remote sensing. With each application requiring a different set, and number, of spectral bands, the absence of a s...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American
Chemical Society
2019
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6943817/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31921939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01196 |
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author | Williams, Calum Gordon, George S. D. Wilkinson, Timothy D. Bohndiek, Sarah E. |
author_facet | Williams, Calum Gordon, George S. D. Wilkinson, Timothy D. Bohndiek, Sarah E. |
author_sort | Williams, Calum |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] Snapshot multispectral image (MSI) sensors have been proposed as a key enabler for a plethora of multispectral imaging applications, from diagnostic medical imaging to remote sensing. With each application requiring a different set, and number, of spectral bands, the absence of a scalable, cost-effective manufacturing solution for custom multispectral filter arrays (MSFAs) has prevented widespread MSI adoption. Despite recent nanophotonic-based efforts, such as plasmonic or high-index metasurface arrays, large-area MSFA manufacturing still consists of many-layer dielectric (Fabry–Perot) stacks, requiring separate complex lithography steps for each spectral band and multiple material compositions for each. It is an expensive, cumbersome, and inflexible undertaking, but yields optimal optical performance. Here, we demonstrate a manufacturing process that enables cost-effective wafer-level fabrication of custom MSFAs in a single lithographic step, maintaining high efficiencies (∼75%) and narrow line widths (∼25 nm) across the visible to near-infrared. By merging grayscale (analog) lithography with metal–insulator–metal (MIM) Fabry–Perot cavities, whereby exposure dose controls cavity thickness, we demonstrate simplified fabrication of MSFAs up to N-wavelength bands. The concept is first proven using low-volume electron beam lithography, followed by the demonstration of large-volume UV mask-based photolithography with MSFAs produced at the wafer level. Our framework provides an attractive alternative to conventional MSFA manufacture and metasurface-based spectral filters by reducing both fabrication complexity and cost of these intricate optical devices, while increasing customizability. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6943817 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | American
Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69438172020-01-07 Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom Multispectral Filter Arrays Williams, Calum Gordon, George S. D. Wilkinson, Timothy D. Bohndiek, Sarah E. ACS Photonics [Image: see text] Snapshot multispectral image (MSI) sensors have been proposed as a key enabler for a plethora of multispectral imaging applications, from diagnostic medical imaging to remote sensing. With each application requiring a different set, and number, of spectral bands, the absence of a scalable, cost-effective manufacturing solution for custom multispectral filter arrays (MSFAs) has prevented widespread MSI adoption. Despite recent nanophotonic-based efforts, such as plasmonic or high-index metasurface arrays, large-area MSFA manufacturing still consists of many-layer dielectric (Fabry–Perot) stacks, requiring separate complex lithography steps for each spectral band and multiple material compositions for each. It is an expensive, cumbersome, and inflexible undertaking, but yields optimal optical performance. Here, we demonstrate a manufacturing process that enables cost-effective wafer-level fabrication of custom MSFAs in a single lithographic step, maintaining high efficiencies (∼75%) and narrow line widths (∼25 nm) across the visible to near-infrared. By merging grayscale (analog) lithography with metal–insulator–metal (MIM) Fabry–Perot cavities, whereby exposure dose controls cavity thickness, we demonstrate simplified fabrication of MSFAs up to N-wavelength bands. The concept is first proven using low-volume electron beam lithography, followed by the demonstration of large-volume UV mask-based photolithography with MSFAs produced at the wafer level. Our framework provides an attractive alternative to conventional MSFA manufacture and metasurface-based spectral filters by reducing both fabrication complexity and cost of these intricate optical devices, while increasing customizability. American Chemical Society 2019-10-23 2019-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6943817/ /pubmed/31921939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01196 Text en Copyright © 2019 American Chemical Society This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) License (http://pubs.acs.org/page/policy/authorchoice_ccby_termsofuse.html) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the author and source are cited. |
spellingShingle | Williams, Calum Gordon, George S. D. Wilkinson, Timothy D. Bohndiek, Sarah E. Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom Multispectral Filter Arrays |
title | Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom
Multispectral Filter Arrays |
title_full | Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom
Multispectral Filter Arrays |
title_fullStr | Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom
Multispectral Filter Arrays |
title_full_unstemmed | Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom
Multispectral Filter Arrays |
title_short | Grayscale-to-Color: Scalable Fabrication of Custom
Multispectral Filter Arrays |
title_sort | grayscale-to-color: scalable fabrication of custom
multispectral filter arrays |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6943817/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31921939 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b01196 |
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