Oferta de actividades preventivas propuestas por médicos residentes de Medicina Familiar en Atención Primaria y su relación con las habilidades comunicacionales

OBJECTIVE: To determine the offer of preventive activities by resident physicians of family medicine in the Primary Care consultations and the relation with their communication habilities. DESIGN: A descriptive multicentre study assessing medical consultations video recording. LOCATION: Eight Primary Healthcare centres in Jaen (Andalucia). PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-three resident physicians (4 th year) filmed and observed with patients. PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: Offer of preventive activities (according to the Spanish Program of Preventive Activities and Health Promotion –PAPPS–). Doctor, patient and consultation characteristics. Peer-review of the communication between physicians and patients, using a CICAA scale. A descriptive, bivariate, logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty interviews were evaluated (duration 8.5 ± 4.0 min) of 73 residents (50.7% women, mean age 32.9 ± 7.7 years, 79% urban environment). The patient is more frequently a woman (60%) who comes alone (72%) due to acute processes (80%) and with 2.1 ± 1.0 demands. Preventive activities are offered in 47% (duration less than one minute) of primary (70%) and secondary (59%) prevention, offered through advice (72%) or screening (52%) and focused on the cardiovascular area (52%) and lifestyles (53%). Eighty percent related to the patient's reason for consultation. Communication skills 41% improvable, 26% adequate, 23% excellent. The offer of preventive activities is related to the duration of the consultation (OR = 1.1, 95% CI 1.01; 1.16) and communication skills (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01; 1.10). CONCLUSIONS: Preventive activities are carried out in almost half of the consultations, although focused on advice and screening and linked to the patient's demand. Consultation time and communication skills favor a greater preventive offer.