Bilateral ovarian granulocytic sarcoma as the primary manifestation of acute myelogenous leukemia treated with allogenic stem cell transplantation: A case report

RATIONALE: Granulocytic sarcoma (GS), also known as chloroma, is a tumor comprising myeloblasts or monoblasts, potentially occurring as an extramedullary mass. Systemic chemotherapy should be used to induce complete remission. However, such patients with chloroma have a poorer treatment outcome than those without extramedullary myeloid sarcomas. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 30-year-old woman who initially presented with bilateral ovarian masses and splenomegaly was admitted to hospital. Also, her complete blood cell counts showed pancytopenia and blood smear revealed a few immature cells (3%). DIAGNOSES: A bone marrow biopsy demonstrated acute myelomonocytic leukemia, and the chromosomal analysis revealed a 46, XX, del18 (p11) [20] karyotype and cytogenetics and molecular markers showed all negative results. INTERVENTIONS: Since this diagnosis, she received remission-inducing chemotherapy comprising anthracycline and cytarabine, which is a standard regimen for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and followed by allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical sibling donor. OUTCOMES: After transplantation, the bone marrow engrafted successfully without complications. She visited our clinic regularly with no evidence of leukemia relapse or graft-versus host disease. LESSONS: This report represents the first case of ovarian GS, wherein treatment was successful with high-dose chemotherapy, followed by allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without oophorectomy.