Cargando…
Heterogeneity Challenges in Multiple-Element-Modified Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics
We report on a heterogeneity study, down to the atomic scale, on a representative multiple-element-modified ceramic based on potassium sodium niobate (KNN): 0.95(Na(0.49)K(0.49)Li(0.02))(Nb(0.8)Ta(0.2))O(3)–0.05CaZrO(3) with 2 wt % MnO(2). We show that different routes for incorporating the MnO(2) (...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6947271/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31817345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244049 |
_version_ | 1783485511782891520 |
---|---|
author | Condurache, Oana Andreea Radan, Kristian Prah, Uroš Otoničar, Mojca Kmet, Brigita Kapun, Gregor Dražić, Goran Malič, Barbara Benčan, Andreja |
author_facet | Condurache, Oana Andreea Radan, Kristian Prah, Uroš Otoničar, Mojca Kmet, Brigita Kapun, Gregor Dražić, Goran Malič, Barbara Benčan, Andreja |
author_sort | Condurache, Oana Andreea |
collection | PubMed |
description | We report on a heterogeneity study, down to the atomic scale, on a representative multiple-element-modified ceramic based on potassium sodium niobate (KNN): 0.95(Na(0.49)K(0.49)Li(0.02))(Nb(0.8)Ta(0.2))O(3)–0.05CaZrO(3) with 2 wt % MnO(2). We show that different routes for incorporating the MnO(2) (either before or after the calcination step) affect the phase composition and finally the functionality of the material. According to X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses, the ceramics consist of orthorhombic and tetragonal perovskite phases together with a small amount of Mn-rich secondary phase. The addition of MnO(2) after the calcination results in better piezoelectric properties, corresponding to a ratio between the orthorhombic and tetragonal perovskite phases that is closer to unity. We also show, using microscopy techniques combined with analytical tools, that Zr-rich, Ta-rich and Mn-rich segregations are present on the nano and atomic levels. With this multi-scale analysis approach, we demonstrate that the functional properties are sensitive to minor modifications in the synthesis route, and consequently to different material properties on all scales. We believe that detecting and learning how to control these modifications will be a step forward in overcoming the irreproducibility problems with KNN-based materials. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6947271 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69472712020-01-13 Heterogeneity Challenges in Multiple-Element-Modified Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics Condurache, Oana Andreea Radan, Kristian Prah, Uroš Otoničar, Mojca Kmet, Brigita Kapun, Gregor Dražić, Goran Malič, Barbara Benčan, Andreja Materials (Basel) Article We report on a heterogeneity study, down to the atomic scale, on a representative multiple-element-modified ceramic based on potassium sodium niobate (KNN): 0.95(Na(0.49)K(0.49)Li(0.02))(Nb(0.8)Ta(0.2))O(3)–0.05CaZrO(3) with 2 wt % MnO(2). We show that different routes for incorporating the MnO(2) (either before or after the calcination step) affect the phase composition and finally the functionality of the material. According to X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses, the ceramics consist of orthorhombic and tetragonal perovskite phases together with a small amount of Mn-rich secondary phase. The addition of MnO(2) after the calcination results in better piezoelectric properties, corresponding to a ratio between the orthorhombic and tetragonal perovskite phases that is closer to unity. We also show, using microscopy techniques combined with analytical tools, that Zr-rich, Ta-rich and Mn-rich segregations are present on the nano and atomic levels. With this multi-scale analysis approach, we demonstrate that the functional properties are sensitive to minor modifications in the synthesis route, and consequently to different material properties on all scales. We believe that detecting and learning how to control these modifications will be a step forward in overcoming the irreproducibility problems with KNN-based materials. MDPI 2019-12-05 /pmc/articles/PMC6947271/ /pubmed/31817345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244049 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Condurache, Oana Andreea Radan, Kristian Prah, Uroš Otoničar, Mojca Kmet, Brigita Kapun, Gregor Dražić, Goran Malič, Barbara Benčan, Andreja Heterogeneity Challenges in Multiple-Element-Modified Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics |
title | Heterogeneity Challenges in Multiple-Element-Modified Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics |
title_full | Heterogeneity Challenges in Multiple-Element-Modified Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics |
title_fullStr | Heterogeneity Challenges in Multiple-Element-Modified Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics |
title_full_unstemmed | Heterogeneity Challenges in Multiple-Element-Modified Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics |
title_short | Heterogeneity Challenges in Multiple-Element-Modified Lead-Free Piezoelectric Ceramics |
title_sort | heterogeneity challenges in multiple-element-modified lead-free piezoelectric ceramics |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6947271/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31817345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244049 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT conduracheoanaandreea heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics AT radankristian heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics AT prahuros heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics AT otonicarmojca heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics AT kmetbrigita heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics AT kapungregor heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics AT drazicgoran heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics AT malicbarbara heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics AT bencanandreja heterogeneitychallengesinmultipleelementmodifiedleadfreepiezoelectricceramics |