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Hyperprolactinaemia

Hyperprolactinaemia is one of the most common problems in clinical endocrinology. It relates with various aetiologies (physiological, pharmacological, pathological), the clarification of which requires careful history taking and clinical assessment. Analytical issues (presence of macroprolactin or o...

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Autores principales: Samperi, Irene, Lithgow, Kirstie, Karavitaki, Niki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6947286/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847209
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122203
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author Samperi, Irene
Lithgow, Kirstie
Karavitaki, Niki
author_facet Samperi, Irene
Lithgow, Kirstie
Karavitaki, Niki
author_sort Samperi, Irene
collection PubMed
description Hyperprolactinaemia is one of the most common problems in clinical endocrinology. It relates with various aetiologies (physiological, pharmacological, pathological), the clarification of which requires careful history taking and clinical assessment. Analytical issues (presence of macroprolactin or of the hook effect) need to be taken into account when interpreting the prolactin values. Medications and sellar/parasellar masses (prolactin secreting or acting through “stalk effect”) are the most common causes of pathological hyperprolactinaemia. Hypogonadism and galactorrhoea are well-recognized manifestations of prolactin excess, although its implications on bone health, metabolism and immune system are also expanding. Treatment mainly aims at restoration and maintenance of normal gonadal function/fertility, and prevention of osteoporosis; further specific management strategies depend on the underlying cause. In this review, we provide an update on the diagnostic and management approaches for the patient with hyperprolactinaemia and on the current data looking at the impact of high prolactin on metabolism, cardiovascular and immune systems.
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spelling pubmed-69472862020-01-13 Hyperprolactinaemia Samperi, Irene Lithgow, Kirstie Karavitaki, Niki J Clin Med Review Hyperprolactinaemia is one of the most common problems in clinical endocrinology. It relates with various aetiologies (physiological, pharmacological, pathological), the clarification of which requires careful history taking and clinical assessment. Analytical issues (presence of macroprolactin or of the hook effect) need to be taken into account when interpreting the prolactin values. Medications and sellar/parasellar masses (prolactin secreting or acting through “stalk effect”) are the most common causes of pathological hyperprolactinaemia. Hypogonadism and galactorrhoea are well-recognized manifestations of prolactin excess, although its implications on bone health, metabolism and immune system are also expanding. Treatment mainly aims at restoration and maintenance of normal gonadal function/fertility, and prevention of osteoporosis; further specific management strategies depend on the underlying cause. In this review, we provide an update on the diagnostic and management approaches for the patient with hyperprolactinaemia and on the current data looking at the impact of high prolactin on metabolism, cardiovascular and immune systems. MDPI 2019-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6947286/ /pubmed/31847209 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122203 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Samperi, Irene
Lithgow, Kirstie
Karavitaki, Niki
Hyperprolactinaemia
title Hyperprolactinaemia
title_full Hyperprolactinaemia
title_fullStr Hyperprolactinaemia
title_full_unstemmed Hyperprolactinaemia
title_short Hyperprolactinaemia
title_sort hyperprolactinaemia
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6947286/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847209
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122203
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