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HIV seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: a population‐based analysis

INTRODUCTION: High levels of HIV seroconcordance at the population level reduce the potential for effective HIV transmission. However, the level of HIV seroconcordance is largely unknown among heterosexual couples in sub‐Saharan Africa. We aimed to quantify the population level HIV seroconcordance i...

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Autores principales: Kim, Hae‐Young, Harling, Guy, Vandormael, Alain, Tomita, Andrew, Cuadros, Diego F, Bärnighausen, Till, Tanser, Frank
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6949466/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31916420
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25432
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author Kim, Hae‐Young
Harling, Guy
Vandormael, Alain
Tomita, Andrew
Cuadros, Diego F
Bärnighausen, Till
Tanser, Frank
author_facet Kim, Hae‐Young
Harling, Guy
Vandormael, Alain
Tomita, Andrew
Cuadros, Diego F
Bärnighausen, Till
Tanser, Frank
author_sort Kim, Hae‐Young
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: High levels of HIV seroconcordance at the population level reduce the potential for effective HIV transmission. However, the level of HIV seroconcordance is largely unknown among heterosexual couples in sub‐Saharan Africa. We aimed to quantify the population level HIV seroconcordance in stable heterosexual couples in rural South Africa. METHODS: We followed adults (≥15 years old) using a population‐based, longitudinal and open surveillance system in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, from 2003 to 2016. Sexual partnerships and HIV status were confirmed via household surveys and annual HIV surveillance. We calculated the proportions of HIV seroconcordance and serodiscordance in stable sexual partnerships and compared them to the expected proportions under the assumption of random mixing using individual‐based microsimulation models. Among unpartnered individuals, we estimated the incidence rates and hazard of sexual partnership formation with HIV‐positive or HIV‐negative partners by participants' own time‐varying HIV status. Competing risks survival regressions were fitted adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. We also calculated Newman's assortativity coefficients. RESULTS: A total of 18,341 HIV‐negative and 11,361 HIV‐positive individuals contributed 154,469 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up. Overall, 28% of the participants were in stable sexual partnerships. Of the 677 newly formed stable sexual partnerships, 7.7% (95% CI: 5.8 to 10.0) were HIV‐positive seroconcordant (i.e. both individuals in the partnership were HIV‐positive), which was three times higher than the expected proportion (2.3%) in microsimulation models based on random mixing. The incidence rates of sexual partnership formation were 0.54/1000PY with HIV‐positive, 1.12/1000PY with HIV‐negative and 2.65/1000PY with unknown serostatus partners. HIV‐positive individuals had 2.39 (95% CI: 1.43 to 3.99) times higher hazard of forming a sexual partnership with an HIV‐positive partner than did HIV‐negative individuals after adjusting for age, opposite‐sex HIV prevalence (by 5‐years age groups), HIV prevalence in the surrounding community, ART coverage and other sociodemographic factors. Similarly, forming a sexual partnership with an HIV‐negative partner was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.01 to 2.14) times higher in HIV‐negative individuals in the adjusted model. Newman's coefficient also showed that assortativity by participant and partner HIV status was moderate (r = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS: A high degree of population level HIV seroconcordance (both positive and negative) was observed at the time of forming new sexual partnerships. Understanding factors driving these patterns may help the development of strategies to bring the HIV epidemic under control.
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spelling pubmed-69494662020-01-09 HIV seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: a population‐based analysis Kim, Hae‐Young Harling, Guy Vandormael, Alain Tomita, Andrew Cuadros, Diego F Bärnighausen, Till Tanser, Frank J Int AIDS Soc Research Articles INTRODUCTION: High levels of HIV seroconcordance at the population level reduce the potential for effective HIV transmission. However, the level of HIV seroconcordance is largely unknown among heterosexual couples in sub‐Saharan Africa. We aimed to quantify the population level HIV seroconcordance in stable heterosexual couples in rural South Africa. METHODS: We followed adults (≥15 years old) using a population‐based, longitudinal and open surveillance system in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, from 2003 to 2016. Sexual partnerships and HIV status were confirmed via household surveys and annual HIV surveillance. We calculated the proportions of HIV seroconcordance and serodiscordance in stable sexual partnerships and compared them to the expected proportions under the assumption of random mixing using individual‐based microsimulation models. Among unpartnered individuals, we estimated the incidence rates and hazard of sexual partnership formation with HIV‐positive or HIV‐negative partners by participants' own time‐varying HIV status. Competing risks survival regressions were fitted adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors. We also calculated Newman's assortativity coefficients. RESULTS: A total of 18,341 HIV‐negative and 11,361 HIV‐positive individuals contributed 154,469 person‐years (PY) of follow‐up. Overall, 28% of the participants were in stable sexual partnerships. Of the 677 newly formed stable sexual partnerships, 7.7% (95% CI: 5.8 to 10.0) were HIV‐positive seroconcordant (i.e. both individuals in the partnership were HIV‐positive), which was three times higher than the expected proportion (2.3%) in microsimulation models based on random mixing. The incidence rates of sexual partnership formation were 0.54/1000PY with HIV‐positive, 1.12/1000PY with HIV‐negative and 2.65/1000PY with unknown serostatus partners. HIV‐positive individuals had 2.39 (95% CI: 1.43 to 3.99) times higher hazard of forming a sexual partnership with an HIV‐positive partner than did HIV‐negative individuals after adjusting for age, opposite‐sex HIV prevalence (by 5‐years age groups), HIV prevalence in the surrounding community, ART coverage and other sociodemographic factors. Similarly, forming a sexual partnership with an HIV‐negative partner was 1.47 (95% CI: 1.01 to 2.14) times higher in HIV‐negative individuals in the adjusted model. Newman's coefficient also showed that assortativity by participant and partner HIV status was moderate (r = 0.35). CONCLUSIONS: A high degree of population level HIV seroconcordance (both positive and negative) was observed at the time of forming new sexual partnerships. Understanding factors driving these patterns may help the development of strategies to bring the HIV epidemic under control. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2020-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6949466/ /pubmed/31916420 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25432 Text en © 2020 The Authors. Journal of the International AIDS Society published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International AIDS Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Articles
Kim, Hae‐Young
Harling, Guy
Vandormael, Alain
Tomita, Andrew
Cuadros, Diego F
Bärnighausen, Till
Tanser, Frank
HIV seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: a population‐based analysis
title HIV seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: a population‐based analysis
title_full HIV seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: a population‐based analysis
title_fullStr HIV seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: a population‐based analysis
title_full_unstemmed HIV seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: a population‐based analysis
title_short HIV seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa: a population‐based analysis
title_sort hiv seroconcordance among heterosexual couples in rural kwazulu‐natal, south africa: a population‐based analysis
topic Research Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6949466/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31916420
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jia2.25432
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