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Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo

The retroviral subfamily of Spumaretrovirinae consists of five genera of foamy (spuma) viruses (FVs) that are endemic in some mammalian hosts. Closely related species may be susceptible to the same or highly related FVs. FVs are not known to induce overt disease and thus do not pose medical problems...

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Autores principales: Materniak-Kornas, Magdalena, Tan, Juan, Heit-Mondrzyk, Anke, Hotz-Wagenblatt, Agnes, Löchelt, Martin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31766538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121084
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author Materniak-Kornas, Magdalena
Tan, Juan
Heit-Mondrzyk, Anke
Hotz-Wagenblatt, Agnes
Löchelt, Martin
author_facet Materniak-Kornas, Magdalena
Tan, Juan
Heit-Mondrzyk, Anke
Hotz-Wagenblatt, Agnes
Löchelt, Martin
author_sort Materniak-Kornas, Magdalena
collection PubMed
description The retroviral subfamily of Spumaretrovirinae consists of five genera of foamy (spuma) viruses (FVs) that are endemic in some mammalian hosts. Closely related species may be susceptible to the same or highly related FVs. FVs are not known to induce overt disease and thus do not pose medical problems to humans and livestock or companion animals. A robust lab animal model is not available or is a lab animal a natural host of a FV. Due to this, research is limited and often focused on the simian FVs with their well-established zoonotic potential. The authors of this review and their groups have conducted several studies on bovine FV (BFV) in the past with the intention of (i) exploring the risk of zoonotic infection via beef and raw cattle products, (ii) studying a co-factorial role of BFV in different cattle diseases with unclear etiology, (iii) exploring unique features of FV molecular biology and replication strategies in non-simian FVs, and (iv) conducting animal studies and functional virology in BFV-infected calves as a model for corresponding studies in primates or small lab animals. These studies gained new insights into FV-host interactions, mechanisms of gene expression, and transcriptional regulation, including miRNA biology, host-directed restriction of FV replication, spread and distribution in the infected animal, and at the population level. The current review attempts to summarize these findings in BFV and tries to connect them to findings from other FVs.
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spelling pubmed-69501762020-01-16 Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo Materniak-Kornas, Magdalena Tan, Juan Heit-Mondrzyk, Anke Hotz-Wagenblatt, Agnes Löchelt, Martin Viruses Review The retroviral subfamily of Spumaretrovirinae consists of five genera of foamy (spuma) viruses (FVs) that are endemic in some mammalian hosts. Closely related species may be susceptible to the same or highly related FVs. FVs are not known to induce overt disease and thus do not pose medical problems to humans and livestock or companion animals. A robust lab animal model is not available or is a lab animal a natural host of a FV. Due to this, research is limited and often focused on the simian FVs with their well-established zoonotic potential. The authors of this review and their groups have conducted several studies on bovine FV (BFV) in the past with the intention of (i) exploring the risk of zoonotic infection via beef and raw cattle products, (ii) studying a co-factorial role of BFV in different cattle diseases with unclear etiology, (iii) exploring unique features of FV molecular biology and replication strategies in non-simian FVs, and (iv) conducting animal studies and functional virology in BFV-infected calves as a model for corresponding studies in primates or small lab animals. These studies gained new insights into FV-host interactions, mechanisms of gene expression, and transcriptional regulation, including miRNA biology, host-directed restriction of FV replication, spread and distribution in the infected animal, and at the population level. The current review attempts to summarize these findings in BFV and tries to connect them to findings from other FVs. MDPI 2019-11-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6950176/ /pubmed/31766538 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121084 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Materniak-Kornas, Magdalena
Tan, Juan
Heit-Mondrzyk, Anke
Hotz-Wagenblatt, Agnes
Löchelt, Martin
Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo
title Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo
title_full Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo
title_fullStr Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo
title_full_unstemmed Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo
title_short Bovine Foamy Virus: Shared and Unique Molecular Features In Vitro and In Vivo
title_sort bovine foamy virus: shared and unique molecular features in vitro and in vivo
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950176/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31766538
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121084
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