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The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018
The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of the Chinese marathon. Geographic Information System (GIS) related spatial analysis tools were used to calculate the following—averaged nearest neighbor index, nuclear density analysis and hot spot ana...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950243/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31835745 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245046 |
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author | Zuo, Yifan Zou, Liye Zhang, Mu Smith, Lee Yang, Lin Loprinzi, Paul D. Ren, Zhanbing |
author_facet | Zuo, Yifan Zou, Liye Zhang, Mu Smith, Lee Yang, Lin Loprinzi, Paul D. Ren, Zhanbing |
author_sort | Zuo, Yifan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of the Chinese marathon. Geographic Information System (GIS) related spatial analysis tools were used to calculate the following—averaged nearest neighbor index, nuclear density analysis and hot spot analysis among others. The spatial distribution evolution characteristics and the influencing factors of eighteen Chinese marathon events in 2010, 129 in 2015 and 342 in 2018 were analyzed. The results show that (a) in 2010 the nearest neighbor ratio was 1.164714, Moran’s I was −0.010165 (type: Random), in 2015 it was 0.502146, Moran’s I was 0.066267 (type: Clustered) and in 2018 it was 0.531149 and Moran’s I was 0.083485 (type: Clustered); (b) in 2010 there was a 333.6 km search radius; the core circle of the Yangtze River Delta was adopted. In 2015 and 2018, a search radius of 556 km was adopted, which was respectively obtained from the core circle of the Yangtze River Delta, the core circle of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the core circle of East China; (c) according to the Z-value data, East China and North China in 2015 passed 95% confidence in five provinces and municipal hot spots, passed 90% confidence in three hot spots and passed 95% confidence in Chongqing Cold Point. In 2018, East China, North China, Central Region and eight other provinces and cities’ hot spots passed 95% confidence, four hot spots passed 90% confidence, the Tibet Autonomous Region cold spot passed 90% confidence. Conclusion: The overall distribution of marathon events is greater in the eastern region than the western region, greater in the southern region than the northern region and greater in coastal regions than the inland regions; the nuclear density distribution has spread from the Yangtze River Delta mononuclear circle in 2010 to the core circle of the entire East China region. Moreover, it spread to North China, Central China and South China; the distribution of hot spots spread from Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the entire North China and East China regions. During the past thirty-eight years of development of the Chinese marathon, it has been divided into three stages due to different political, economic and social environments. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6950243 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69502432020-01-16 The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018 Zuo, Yifan Zou, Liye Zhang, Mu Smith, Lee Yang, Lin Loprinzi, Paul D. Ren, Zhanbing Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The purpose of this study is to explore the spatial distribution pattern and influencing factors of the Chinese marathon. Geographic Information System (GIS) related spatial analysis tools were used to calculate the following—averaged nearest neighbor index, nuclear density analysis and hot spot analysis among others. The spatial distribution evolution characteristics and the influencing factors of eighteen Chinese marathon events in 2010, 129 in 2015 and 342 in 2018 were analyzed. The results show that (a) in 2010 the nearest neighbor ratio was 1.164714, Moran’s I was −0.010165 (type: Random), in 2015 it was 0.502146, Moran’s I was 0.066267 (type: Clustered) and in 2018 it was 0.531149 and Moran’s I was 0.083485 (type: Clustered); (b) in 2010 there was a 333.6 km search radius; the core circle of the Yangtze River Delta was adopted. In 2015 and 2018, a search radius of 556 km was adopted, which was respectively obtained from the core circle of the Yangtze River Delta, the core circle of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the core circle of East China; (c) according to the Z-value data, East China and North China in 2015 passed 95% confidence in five provinces and municipal hot spots, passed 90% confidence in three hot spots and passed 95% confidence in Chongqing Cold Point. In 2018, East China, North China, Central Region and eight other provinces and cities’ hot spots passed 95% confidence, four hot spots passed 90% confidence, the Tibet Autonomous Region cold spot passed 90% confidence. Conclusion: The overall distribution of marathon events is greater in the eastern region than the western region, greater in the southern region than the northern region and greater in coastal regions than the inland regions; the nuclear density distribution has spread from the Yangtze River Delta mononuclear circle in 2010 to the core circle of the entire East China region. Moreover, it spread to North China, Central China and South China; the distribution of hot spots spread from Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the entire North China and East China regions. During the past thirty-eight years of development of the Chinese marathon, it has been divided into three stages due to different political, economic and social environments. MDPI 2019-12-11 2019-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6950243/ /pubmed/31835745 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245046 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zuo, Yifan Zou, Liye Zhang, Mu Smith, Lee Yang, Lin Loprinzi, Paul D. Ren, Zhanbing The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018 |
title | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018 |
title_full | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018 |
title_fullStr | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018 |
title_full_unstemmed | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018 |
title_short | The Temporal and Spatial Evolution of Marathons in China from 2010 to 2018 |
title_sort | temporal and spatial evolution of marathons in china from 2010 to 2018 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950243/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31835745 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245046 |
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