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Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica)
Understanding the causes of disease in Antarctic wildlife is crucial, as many of these species are already threatened by environmental changes brought about by climate change. In recent years, Antarctic penguins have been showing signs of an unknown pathology: a feather disorder characterised by mis...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950389/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31766719 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121088 |
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author | Morandini, Virginia Dugger, Katie M. Ballard, Grant Elrod, Megan Schmidt, Annie Ruoppolo, Valeria Lescroël, Amélie Jongsomjit, Dennis Massaro, Melanie Pennycook, Jean Kooyman, Gerald L. Schmidlin, Kara Kraberger, Simona Ainley, David G. Varsani, Arvind |
author_facet | Morandini, Virginia Dugger, Katie M. Ballard, Grant Elrod, Megan Schmidt, Annie Ruoppolo, Valeria Lescroël, Amélie Jongsomjit, Dennis Massaro, Melanie Pennycook, Jean Kooyman, Gerald L. Schmidlin, Kara Kraberger, Simona Ainley, David G. Varsani, Arvind |
author_sort | Morandini, Virginia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Understanding the causes of disease in Antarctic wildlife is crucial, as many of these species are already threatened by environmental changes brought about by climate change. In recent years, Antarctic penguins have been showing signs of an unknown pathology: a feather disorder characterised by missing feathers, resulting in exposed skin. During the 2018–2019 austral summer breeding season at Cape Crozier colony on Ross Island, Antarctica, we observed for the first time an Adélie penguin chick missing down over most of its body. A guano sample was collected from the nest of the featherless chick, and using high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel circovirus. Using abutting primers, we amplified the full genome, which we cloned and Sanger-sequenced to determine the complete genome of the circovirus. The Adélie penguin guano-associated circovirus genome shares <67% genome-wide nucleotide identity with other circoviruses, representing a new species of circovirus; therefore, we named it penguin circovirus (PenCV). Using the same primer pair, we screened 25 previously collected cloacal swabs taken at Cape Crozier from known-age adult Adélie penguins during the 2014–2015 season, displaying no clinical signs of feather-loss disorder. Three of the 25 samples (12%) were positive for a PenCV, whose genome shared >99% pairwise identity with the one identified in 2018–2019. This is the first report of a circovirus associated with a penguin species. This circovirus could be an etiological agent of the feather-loss disorder in Antarctic penguins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6950389 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69503892020-01-16 Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica) Morandini, Virginia Dugger, Katie M. Ballard, Grant Elrod, Megan Schmidt, Annie Ruoppolo, Valeria Lescroël, Amélie Jongsomjit, Dennis Massaro, Melanie Pennycook, Jean Kooyman, Gerald L. Schmidlin, Kara Kraberger, Simona Ainley, David G. Varsani, Arvind Viruses Brief Report Understanding the causes of disease in Antarctic wildlife is crucial, as many of these species are already threatened by environmental changes brought about by climate change. In recent years, Antarctic penguins have been showing signs of an unknown pathology: a feather disorder characterised by missing feathers, resulting in exposed skin. During the 2018–2019 austral summer breeding season at Cape Crozier colony on Ross Island, Antarctica, we observed for the first time an Adélie penguin chick missing down over most of its body. A guano sample was collected from the nest of the featherless chick, and using high-throughput sequencing, we identified a novel circovirus. Using abutting primers, we amplified the full genome, which we cloned and Sanger-sequenced to determine the complete genome of the circovirus. The Adélie penguin guano-associated circovirus genome shares <67% genome-wide nucleotide identity with other circoviruses, representing a new species of circovirus; therefore, we named it penguin circovirus (PenCV). Using the same primer pair, we screened 25 previously collected cloacal swabs taken at Cape Crozier from known-age adult Adélie penguins during the 2014–2015 season, displaying no clinical signs of feather-loss disorder. Three of the 25 samples (12%) were positive for a PenCV, whose genome shared >99% pairwise identity with the one identified in 2018–2019. This is the first report of a circovirus associated with a penguin species. This circovirus could be an etiological agent of the feather-loss disorder in Antarctic penguins. MDPI 2019-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6950389/ /pubmed/31766719 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121088 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Brief Report Morandini, Virginia Dugger, Katie M. Ballard, Grant Elrod, Megan Schmidt, Annie Ruoppolo, Valeria Lescroël, Amélie Jongsomjit, Dennis Massaro, Melanie Pennycook, Jean Kooyman, Gerald L. Schmidlin, Kara Kraberger, Simona Ainley, David G. Varsani, Arvind Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica) |
title | Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica) |
title_full | Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica) |
title_fullStr | Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica) |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica) |
title_short | Identification of a Novel Adélie Penguin Circovirus at Cape Crozier (Ross Island, Antarctica) |
title_sort | identification of a novel adélie penguin circovirus at cape crozier (ross island, antarctica) |
topic | Brief Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950389/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31766719 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11121088 |
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