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Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins

Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins are the most poisonous substances known, so much so as to be considered for a possible terrorist use. At the same time, botulinum neurotoxin type A1 is successfully used to treat a variety of human syndromes characterized by hyperactive cholinergic nerve terminals....

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Rossetto, Ornella, Montecucco, Cesare
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31771110
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120686
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author Rossetto, Ornella
Montecucco, Cesare
author_facet Rossetto, Ornella
Montecucco, Cesare
author_sort Rossetto, Ornella
collection PubMed
description Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins are the most poisonous substances known, so much so as to be considered for a possible terrorist use. At the same time, botulinum neurotoxin type A1 is successfully used to treat a variety of human syndromes characterized by hyperactive cholinergic nerve terminals. The extreme toxicity of these neurotoxins is due to their neurospecificity and to their metalloprotease activity, which results in the deadly paralysis of tetanus and botulism. Recently, many novel botulinum neurotoxins and some botulinum-like toxins have been discovered. This large number of toxins differs in terms of toxicity and biological activity, providing a potential goldmine for novel therapeutics and for new molecular tools to dissect vesicular trafficking, fusion, and exocytosis. The scattered data on toxicity present in the literature require a systematic organization to be usable by scientists and clinicians. We have assembled here the data available in the literature on the toxicity of these toxins in different animal species. The internal comparison of these data provides insights on the biological activity of these toxins.
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spelling pubmed-69504922020-01-16 Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins Rossetto, Ornella Montecucco, Cesare Toxins (Basel) Review Tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins are the most poisonous substances known, so much so as to be considered for a possible terrorist use. At the same time, botulinum neurotoxin type A1 is successfully used to treat a variety of human syndromes characterized by hyperactive cholinergic nerve terminals. The extreme toxicity of these neurotoxins is due to their neurospecificity and to their metalloprotease activity, which results in the deadly paralysis of tetanus and botulism. Recently, many novel botulinum neurotoxins and some botulinum-like toxins have been discovered. This large number of toxins differs in terms of toxicity and biological activity, providing a potential goldmine for novel therapeutics and for new molecular tools to dissect vesicular trafficking, fusion, and exocytosis. The scattered data on toxicity present in the literature require a systematic organization to be usable by scientists and clinicians. We have assembled here the data available in the literature on the toxicity of these toxins in different animal species. The internal comparison of these data provides insights on the biological activity of these toxins. MDPI 2019-11-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6950492/ /pubmed/31771110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120686 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Rossetto, Ornella
Montecucco, Cesare
Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins
title Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins
title_full Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins
title_fullStr Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins
title_full_unstemmed Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins
title_short Tables of Toxicity of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins
title_sort tables of toxicity of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6950492/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31771110
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11120686
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