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Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana
The phenomenon of plant root tips sensing moisture gradient in soil and growing towards higher water potential is designated as root hydrotropism, which is critical for plants to survive when water is a limited factor. Molecular mechanisms regulating such a fundamental process, however, are largely...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6951336/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31601978 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-019-0239-3 |
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author | Chang, Jinke Li, Xiaopeng Fu, Weihao Wang, Jiawen Yong, Yueyuan Shi, Hongyong Ding, Zhaojun Kui, Hong Gou, Xiaoping He, Kai Li, Jia |
author_facet | Chang, Jinke Li, Xiaopeng Fu, Weihao Wang, Jiawen Yong, Yueyuan Shi, Hongyong Ding, Zhaojun Kui, Hong Gou, Xiaoping He, Kai Li, Jia |
author_sort | Chang, Jinke |
collection | PubMed |
description | The phenomenon of plant root tips sensing moisture gradient in soil and growing towards higher water potential is designated as root hydrotropism, which is critical for plants to survive when water is a limited factor. Molecular mechanisms regulating such a fundamental process, however, are largely unknown. Here we report our identification that cytokinins are key signaling molecules directing root growth orientation in a hydrostimulation (moisture gradient) condition. Lower water potential side of the root tip shows more cytokinin response relative to the higher water potential side. Consequently, two cytokinin downstream type-A response regulators, ARR16 and ARR17, were found to be up-regulated at the lower water potential side, causing increased cell division in the meristem zone, which allows the root to bend towards higher water potential side. Genetic analyses indicated that various cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling mutants, including the arr16 arr17 double mutant, are significantly less responsive to hydrostimulation. Consistently, treatments with chemical inhibitors interfering with either cytokinin biosynthesis or cell division completely abolished root hydrotropic response. Asymmetrically induced expression of ARR16 or ARR17 effectively led to root bending in both wild-type and miz1, a previously known hydrotropism-defective mutant. These data demonstrate that asymmetric cytokinin distribution is a primary determinant governing root hydrotropism. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6951336 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69513362020-02-12 Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana Chang, Jinke Li, Xiaopeng Fu, Weihao Wang, Jiawen Yong, Yueyuan Shi, Hongyong Ding, Zhaojun Kui, Hong Gou, Xiaoping He, Kai Li, Jia Cell Res Article The phenomenon of plant root tips sensing moisture gradient in soil and growing towards higher water potential is designated as root hydrotropism, which is critical for plants to survive when water is a limited factor. Molecular mechanisms regulating such a fundamental process, however, are largely unknown. Here we report our identification that cytokinins are key signaling molecules directing root growth orientation in a hydrostimulation (moisture gradient) condition. Lower water potential side of the root tip shows more cytokinin response relative to the higher water potential side. Consequently, two cytokinin downstream type-A response regulators, ARR16 and ARR17, were found to be up-regulated at the lower water potential side, causing increased cell division in the meristem zone, which allows the root to bend towards higher water potential side. Genetic analyses indicated that various cytokinin biosynthesis and signaling mutants, including the arr16 arr17 double mutant, are significantly less responsive to hydrostimulation. Consistently, treatments with chemical inhibitors interfering with either cytokinin biosynthesis or cell division completely abolished root hydrotropic response. Asymmetrically induced expression of ARR16 or ARR17 effectively led to root bending in both wild-type and miz1, a previously known hydrotropism-defective mutant. These data demonstrate that asymmetric cytokinin distribution is a primary determinant governing root hydrotropism. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-10-10 2019-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6951336/ /pubmed/31601978 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-019-0239-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Chang, Jinke Li, Xiaopeng Fu, Weihao Wang, Jiawen Yong, Yueyuan Shi, Hongyong Ding, Zhaojun Kui, Hong Gou, Xiaoping He, Kai Li, Jia Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana |
title | Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana |
title_full | Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana |
title_fullStr | Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana |
title_full_unstemmed | Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana |
title_short | Asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in Arabidopsis thaliana |
title_sort | asymmetric distribution of cytokinins determines root hydrotropism in arabidopsis thaliana |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6951336/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31601978 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41422-019-0239-3 |
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