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Amitosenescence and Pseudomitosenescence: Putative New Players in the Aging Process

Replicative senescence has initially been defined as a stress reaction of replication-competent cultured cells in vitro, resulting in an ultimate cell cycle arrest at preserved growth and viability. Classically, it has been linked to critical telomere curtailment following repetitive cell divisions,...

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Autores principales: Wengerodt, Diane, Schmeer, Christian, Witte, Otto W., Kretz, Alexandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6952980/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795499
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121546
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author Wengerodt, Diane
Schmeer, Christian
Witte, Otto W.
Kretz, Alexandra
author_facet Wengerodt, Diane
Schmeer, Christian
Witte, Otto W.
Kretz, Alexandra
author_sort Wengerodt, Diane
collection PubMed
description Replicative senescence has initially been defined as a stress reaction of replication-competent cultured cells in vitro, resulting in an ultimate cell cycle arrest at preserved growth and viability. Classically, it has been linked to critical telomere curtailment following repetitive cell divisions, and later described as a response to oncogenes and other stressors. Currently, there are compelling new directions indicating that a comparable state of cellular senescence might be adopted also by postmitotic cell entities, including terminally differentiated neurons. However, the cellular upstream inducers and molecular downstream cues mediating a senescence-like state in neurons (amitosenescence) are ill-defined. Here, we address the phenomenon of abortive atypical cell cycle activity in light of amitosenescence, and discuss why such replicative reprogramming might provide a yet unconsidered source to explain senescence in maturated neurons. We also hypothesize the existence of a G(0) subphase as a priming factor for cell cycle re-entry, in analogy to discoveries in quiescent muscle stem cells. In conclusion, we propose a revision of our current view on the process and definition of senescence by encompassing a primarily replication-incompetent state (amitosenescence), which might be expanded by events of atypical cell cycle activity (pseudomitosenescence).
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spelling pubmed-69529802020-01-23 Amitosenescence and Pseudomitosenescence: Putative New Players in the Aging Process Wengerodt, Diane Schmeer, Christian Witte, Otto W. Kretz, Alexandra Cells Perspective Replicative senescence has initially been defined as a stress reaction of replication-competent cultured cells in vitro, resulting in an ultimate cell cycle arrest at preserved growth and viability. Classically, it has been linked to critical telomere curtailment following repetitive cell divisions, and later described as a response to oncogenes and other stressors. Currently, there are compelling new directions indicating that a comparable state of cellular senescence might be adopted also by postmitotic cell entities, including terminally differentiated neurons. However, the cellular upstream inducers and molecular downstream cues mediating a senescence-like state in neurons (amitosenescence) are ill-defined. Here, we address the phenomenon of abortive atypical cell cycle activity in light of amitosenescence, and discuss why such replicative reprogramming might provide a yet unconsidered source to explain senescence in maturated neurons. We also hypothesize the existence of a G(0) subphase as a priming factor for cell cycle re-entry, in analogy to discoveries in quiescent muscle stem cells. In conclusion, we propose a revision of our current view on the process and definition of senescence by encompassing a primarily replication-incompetent state (amitosenescence), which might be expanded by events of atypical cell cycle activity (pseudomitosenescence). MDPI 2019-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6952980/ /pubmed/31795499 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121546 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Perspective
Wengerodt, Diane
Schmeer, Christian
Witte, Otto W.
Kretz, Alexandra
Amitosenescence and Pseudomitosenescence: Putative New Players in the Aging Process
title Amitosenescence and Pseudomitosenescence: Putative New Players in the Aging Process
title_full Amitosenescence and Pseudomitosenescence: Putative New Players in the Aging Process
title_fullStr Amitosenescence and Pseudomitosenescence: Putative New Players in the Aging Process
title_full_unstemmed Amitosenescence and Pseudomitosenescence: Putative New Players in the Aging Process
title_short Amitosenescence and Pseudomitosenescence: Putative New Players in the Aging Process
title_sort amitosenescence and pseudomitosenescence: putative new players in the aging process
topic Perspective
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6952980/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795499
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121546
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