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Structural Biology and Electron Microscopy of the Autophagy Molecular Machinery
Autophagy is a highly regulated bulk degradation process that plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. During autophagy, a double membrane-bound compartment termed the autophagosome is formed through de novo nucleation and assembly of membrane sources to engulf unwanted cytoplasm...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6952983/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31842460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121627 |
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author | Lai, Louis Tung Faat Ye, Hao Zhang, Wenxin Jiang, Liwen Lau, Wilson Chun Yu |
author_facet | Lai, Louis Tung Faat Ye, Hao Zhang, Wenxin Jiang, Liwen Lau, Wilson Chun Yu |
author_sort | Lai, Louis Tung Faat |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autophagy is a highly regulated bulk degradation process that plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. During autophagy, a double membrane-bound compartment termed the autophagosome is formed through de novo nucleation and assembly of membrane sources to engulf unwanted cytoplasmic components and targets them to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation. Central to this process are the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, which play a critical role in plant fitness, immunity, and environmental stress response. Over the past few years, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single-particle analysis has matured into a powerful and versatile technique for the structural determination of protein complexes at high resolution and has contributed greatly to our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagosome biogenesis. Here we describe the plant-specific ATG proteins and summarize recent structural and mechanistic studies on the protein machinery involved in autophagy initiation with an emphasis on those by single-particle analysis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6952983 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69529832020-01-23 Structural Biology and Electron Microscopy of the Autophagy Molecular Machinery Lai, Louis Tung Faat Ye, Hao Zhang, Wenxin Jiang, Liwen Lau, Wilson Chun Yu Cells Review Autophagy is a highly regulated bulk degradation process that plays a key role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. During autophagy, a double membrane-bound compartment termed the autophagosome is formed through de novo nucleation and assembly of membrane sources to engulf unwanted cytoplasmic components and targets them to the lysosome or vacuole for degradation. Central to this process are the autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, which play a critical role in plant fitness, immunity, and environmental stress response. Over the past few years, cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and single-particle analysis has matured into a powerful and versatile technique for the structural determination of protein complexes at high resolution and has contributed greatly to our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying autophagosome biogenesis. Here we describe the plant-specific ATG proteins and summarize recent structural and mechanistic studies on the protein machinery involved in autophagy initiation with an emphasis on those by single-particle analysis. MDPI 2019-12-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6952983/ /pubmed/31842460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121627 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Lai, Louis Tung Faat Ye, Hao Zhang, Wenxin Jiang, Liwen Lau, Wilson Chun Yu Structural Biology and Electron Microscopy of the Autophagy Molecular Machinery |
title | Structural Biology and Electron Microscopy of the Autophagy Molecular Machinery |
title_full | Structural Biology and Electron Microscopy of the Autophagy Molecular Machinery |
title_fullStr | Structural Biology and Electron Microscopy of the Autophagy Molecular Machinery |
title_full_unstemmed | Structural Biology and Electron Microscopy of the Autophagy Molecular Machinery |
title_short | Structural Biology and Electron Microscopy of the Autophagy Molecular Machinery |
title_sort | structural biology and electron microscopy of the autophagy molecular machinery |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6952983/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31842460 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121627 |
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