DNA methylation profiling in recurrent miscarriage

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) is a complex clinical problem. However, specific diagnostic biomarkers and candidate regulatory targets have not yet been identified. To explore RM-related biological markers and processes, we performed a genome-wide DNA methylation analysis using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 array platform. Methylation variable positions and differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were selected using the Limma package in R language. Thereafter, gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis and pathway enrichment analysis were performed on these DMRs. A total of 1,799 DMRs were filtered out between patients with RM and healthy pregnant women. The GO terms were mainly related to system development, plasma membrane part, and sequence-specific DNA binding, while the enriched pathways included cell adhesion molecules, type I diabetes mellitus, and ECM–receptor interactions. In addition, genes, including ABR, ALCAM, HLA-E, HLA-G, and ISG15, were obtained. These genes may be potential candidates for diagnostic biomarkers and possible regulatory targets in RM. We then detected the mRNA expression levels of the candidate genes. The mRNA expression levels of the candidate genes in the RM group were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, additional research is still required to confirm their potential roles in the occurrence of RM.