Computational resources associating diseases with genotypes, phenotypes and exposures

The causes of a disease and its therapies are not only related to genotypes, but also associated with other factors, including phenotypes, environmental exposures, drugs and chemical molecules. Distinguishing disease-related factors from many neutral factors is critical as well as difficult. Over the past two decades, bioinformaticians have developed many computational resources to integrate the omics data and discover associations among these factors. However, researchers and clinicians are experiencing difficulties in choosing appropriate resources from hundreds of relevant databases and software tools. Here, in order to assist the researchers and clinicians, we systematically review the public computational resources of human diseases related to genotypes, phenotypes, environment factors, drugs and chemical exposures. We briefly describe the development history of these computational resources, followed by the details of the relevant databases and software tools. We finally conclude with a discussion of current challenges and future opportunities as well as prospects on this topic.