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Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight (LBW), and to assess if this association differs by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Data were collected from 2871 women enrolled in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Lo...

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Autores principales: Patil, Divya, Enquobahrie, Daniel A, Peckham, Trevor, Seixas, Noah, Hajat, Anjum
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955480/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31924630
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029584
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author Patil, Divya
Enquobahrie, Daniel A
Peckham, Trevor
Seixas, Noah
Hajat, Anjum
author_facet Patil, Divya
Enquobahrie, Daniel A
Peckham, Trevor
Seixas, Noah
Hajat, Anjum
author_sort Patil, Divya
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight (LBW), and to assess if this association differs by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Data were collected from 2871 women enrolled in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adult Cohort. Employment precarity was evaluated using a summary variable that combined several employment attributes: availability of employer-sponsored insurance, income, long shifts, non-daytime shifts, availability of employer sponsored training or educational benefits and membership in a union or collective bargaining unit. Employment precarity scores (a sum of the number of negative employment attributes) were categorised into low (0–2), medium (3) and high (4-6). LBW was defined as weight less than 2500 g at birth. Modified Poisson models were fit to calculate risk ratios and 95% CIs and adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, nativity, prepregnancy body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking during pregnancy and infant year of birth. We assessed effect modification by maternal race/ethnicity using a composite exposure-race variable. RESULTS: Women with high employment precarity had higher risk of a LBW delivery compared with women with low employment precarity (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.98). Compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women with low employment precarity, non-Hispanic black women (RR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.72 to 4.15), Hispanic women (RR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.54 to 4.16) and non-Hispanic/non-black women (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.16) with high employment precarity had higher risk of LBW. CONCLUSIONS: We observed higher risk of LBW in pregnancies of women with high employment precarity; this association was stronger among black and Hispanic mothers compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women. Findings of this study can be used to inform antenatal care and identify workplace policies to better support women who work during pregnancy.
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spelling pubmed-69554802020-01-27 Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA Patil, Divya Enquobahrie, Daniel A Peckham, Trevor Seixas, Noah Hajat, Anjum BMJ Open Epidemiology OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight (LBW), and to assess if this association differs by race/ethnicity. METHODS: Data were collected from 2871 women enrolled in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Children and Young Adult Cohort. Employment precarity was evaluated using a summary variable that combined several employment attributes: availability of employer-sponsored insurance, income, long shifts, non-daytime shifts, availability of employer sponsored training or educational benefits and membership in a union or collective bargaining unit. Employment precarity scores (a sum of the number of negative employment attributes) were categorised into low (0–2), medium (3) and high (4-6). LBW was defined as weight less than 2500 g at birth. Modified Poisson models were fit to calculate risk ratios and 95% CIs and adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, nativity, prepregnancy body mass index, alcohol consumption, smoking during pregnancy and infant year of birth. We assessed effect modification by maternal race/ethnicity using a composite exposure-race variable. RESULTS: Women with high employment precarity had higher risk of a LBW delivery compared with women with low employment precarity (RR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.98). Compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women with low employment precarity, non-Hispanic black women (RR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.72 to 4.15), Hispanic women (RR: 2.53; 95% CI: 1.54 to 4.16) and non-Hispanic/non-black women (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 0.98 to 2.16) with high employment precarity had higher risk of LBW. CONCLUSIONS: We observed higher risk of LBW in pregnancies of women with high employment precarity; this association was stronger among black and Hispanic mothers compared to non-Hispanic/non-black women. Findings of this study can be used to inform antenatal care and identify workplace policies to better support women who work during pregnancy. BMJ Publishing Group 2020-01-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6955480/ /pubmed/31924630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029584 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
spellingShingle Epidemiology
Patil, Divya
Enquobahrie, Daniel A
Peckham, Trevor
Seixas, Noah
Hajat, Anjum
Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA
title Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA
title_full Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA
title_fullStr Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA
title_full_unstemmed Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA
title_short Retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the USA
title_sort retrospective cohort study of the association between maternal employment precarity and infant low birth weight in women in the usa
topic Epidemiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955480/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31924630
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029584
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