Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community

The role of biochar amendments in enhancing plant disease resistance has been well documented, but its mechanism is not yet fully understood. In the present study, 2% biochar made from wheat straw was added to the soil of tomato infected by Ralstonia solanacearum to explore the interrelation among b...

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Autores principales: Gao, Yang, Lu, Yang, Lin, Weipeng, Tian, Jihui, Cai, Kunzheng
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955753/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31835630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120676
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author Gao, Yang
Lu, Yang
Lin, Weipeng
Tian, Jihui
Cai, Kunzheng
author_facet Gao, Yang
Lu, Yang
Lin, Weipeng
Tian, Jihui
Cai, Kunzheng
author_sort Gao, Yang
collection PubMed
description The role of biochar amendments in enhancing plant disease resistance has been well documented, but its mechanism is not yet fully understood. In the present study, 2% biochar made from wheat straw was added to the soil of tomato infected by Ralstonia solanacearum to explore the interrelation among biochar, tomato bacterial wilt resistance, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial community and to decipher the disease suppression mechanisms from a soil microbial perspective. Biochar application significantly reduced the disease severity of bacterial wilt, increased soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, organic matter, available P, available K, pH, and electrical conductivity. Biochar treatment also increased soil acid phosphatase activity under the non-R.-solanacearum-inoculated condition. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed substantial differences in rhizosphere bacterial community structures between biochar-amended and nonamended treatments. Biochar did not influence soil microbial richness and diversity but significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in soil at the phylum level under R. solanacearum inoculation. Furthermore, biochar amendment harbored a higher abundance of Chitinophaga, Flavitalea, Adhaeribacter, Pontibacter, Pedobacter, and Ohtaekwangia at the genus level of Bacteroides and Pseudomonas at the genus level of Proteobacteria under R. solanacearum inoculation. Our findings suggest that a biochar-shifted soil bacterial community structure can favorably contribute to the resistance of tomato plants against bacterial wilt.
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spelling pubmed-69557532020-01-23 Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community Gao, Yang Lu, Yang Lin, Weipeng Tian, Jihui Cai, Kunzheng Microorganisms Article The role of biochar amendments in enhancing plant disease resistance has been well documented, but its mechanism is not yet fully understood. In the present study, 2% biochar made from wheat straw was added to the soil of tomato infected by Ralstonia solanacearum to explore the interrelation among biochar, tomato bacterial wilt resistance, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial community and to decipher the disease suppression mechanisms from a soil microbial perspective. Biochar application significantly reduced the disease severity of bacterial wilt, increased soil total organic carbon, total nitrogen, C:N ratio, organic matter, available P, available K, pH, and electrical conductivity. Biochar treatment also increased soil acid phosphatase activity under the non-R.-solanacearum-inoculated condition. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed substantial differences in rhizosphere bacterial community structures between biochar-amended and nonamended treatments. Biochar did not influence soil microbial richness and diversity but significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in soil at the phylum level under R. solanacearum inoculation. Furthermore, biochar amendment harbored a higher abundance of Chitinophaga, Flavitalea, Adhaeribacter, Pontibacter, Pedobacter, and Ohtaekwangia at the genus level of Bacteroides and Pseudomonas at the genus level of Proteobacteria under R. solanacearum inoculation. Our findings suggest that a biochar-shifted soil bacterial community structure can favorably contribute to the resistance of tomato plants against bacterial wilt. MDPI 2019-12-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6955753/ /pubmed/31835630 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120676 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gao, Yang
Lu, Yang
Lin, Weipeng
Tian, Jihui
Cai, Kunzheng
Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community
title Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community
title_full Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community
title_fullStr Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community
title_full_unstemmed Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community
title_short Biochar Suppresses Bacterial Wilt of Tomato by Improving Soil Chemical Properties and Shifting Soil Microbial Community
title_sort biochar suppresses bacterial wilt of tomato by improving soil chemical properties and shifting soil microbial community
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955753/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31835630
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120676
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