Nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: Baseline characteristics and early outcomes

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hemorrhagic stroke, particularly nontraumatic spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH), is a cerebrovascular condition with unfavorable outcomes. The aims of the present study were to evaluate patients who suffered from SICH and investigate the early outcomes in a single‐center study. METHODS: During a study ‐period of 6 years (2008–2014), 613 consecutive patients (mean age, 72 ± 12.7 years; 51.1% female), who suffered from nontraumatic SICH and were treated at the Department of Neurology at the University Hospital of Schleswig‐Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany, were included and prospectively analyzed. RESULTS: During a mean hospitalization time of 12 days, 148 patients (24.1%) died, 47% of those within the first 2 days and 79% within the first week. The patients who died stayed at the hospital for a shorter time (3) than those who survived (p < .001). In the multivariate logistic regression, following parameters were found to be associated with the in‐hospital mortality: female sex (OR, 2.0; 95%‐CI, 1.2–3.4; p = .009), a NIHSS score> 10 (OR, 10.5; 95%‐CI, 5.6–19.5; p < .001), history of hypertension (OR, 0.35; 95%‐CI, 0.19–0.64; p = .001), previous oral anticoagulation (OR, 2; 95%‐CI, 1.0–3.8; p = .032), and intraventricular extension of hemorrhage (OR, 2.8; 95%‐CI, 1.7–4.7; p = .001). At discharge, 192 patients (41.2%) showed favorable outcomes (mRS ≤ 2) whereas the median mRS of patients who survived was 3 (IQR 2–4). The good functional outcome at discharge from the acute hospital was decreased by an age> 70 years (OR, 0.56; 95%‐CI, 0.35–0.9; p = .017), NIHSS score> 10 at admission (OR, 0.07; 95%‐CI, 0.04–0.13; p < .001), and development of pneumonia during hospitalization (OR, 0.35; 95%‐CI, 0.2–0.6; p < .001). CONCLUSION: The present study showed that SICH is a serious disease causing high mortality and disability, particularly in the early period after event.