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Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples

Advances in nucleic acid amplification technologies have revolutionized diagnostics for systemic, inherited, and infectious diseases. Current assays and platforms, however, often require lengthy experimental procedures and multiple instruments to remove contaminants and inhibitors from clinically-re...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Walker, Faye M., Hsieh, Kuangwen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955841/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574959
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9040117
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author Walker, Faye M.
Hsieh, Kuangwen
author_facet Walker, Faye M.
Hsieh, Kuangwen
author_sort Walker, Faye M.
collection PubMed
description Advances in nucleic acid amplification technologies have revolutionized diagnostics for systemic, inherited, and infectious diseases. Current assays and platforms, however, often require lengthy experimental procedures and multiple instruments to remove contaminants and inhibitors from clinically-relevant, complex samples. This requirement of sample preparation has been a bottleneck for using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) at the point of care (POC), though advances in “lab-on-chip” platforms that integrate sample preparation and NAATs have made great strides in this space. Alternatively, direct NAATs—techniques that minimize or even bypass sample preparation—present promising strategies for developing POC diagnostic tools for analyzing real-world samples. In this review, we discuss the current status of direct NAATs. Specifically, we surveyed potential testing systems published from 1989 to 2017, and analyzed their performances in terms of robustness, sensitivity, clinical relevance, and suitability for POC diagnostics. We introduce bubble plots to facilitate our analysis, as bubble plots enable effective visualization of the performances of these direct NAATs. Through our review, we hope to initiate an in-depth examination of direct NAATs and their potential for realizing POC diagnostics, and ultimately transformative technologies that can further enhance healthcare.
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spelling pubmed-69558412020-01-23 Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples Walker, Faye M. Hsieh, Kuangwen Biosensors (Basel) Review Advances in nucleic acid amplification technologies have revolutionized diagnostics for systemic, inherited, and infectious diseases. Current assays and platforms, however, often require lengthy experimental procedures and multiple instruments to remove contaminants and inhibitors from clinically-relevant, complex samples. This requirement of sample preparation has been a bottleneck for using nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) at the point of care (POC), though advances in “lab-on-chip” platforms that integrate sample preparation and NAATs have made great strides in this space. Alternatively, direct NAATs—techniques that minimize or even bypass sample preparation—present promising strategies for developing POC diagnostic tools for analyzing real-world samples. In this review, we discuss the current status of direct NAATs. Specifically, we surveyed potential testing systems published from 1989 to 2017, and analyzed their performances in terms of robustness, sensitivity, clinical relevance, and suitability for POC diagnostics. We introduce bubble plots to facilitate our analysis, as bubble plots enable effective visualization of the performances of these direct NAATs. Through our review, we hope to initiate an in-depth examination of direct NAATs and their potential for realizing POC diagnostics, and ultimately transformative technologies that can further enhance healthcare. MDPI 2019-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6955841/ /pubmed/31574959 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9040117 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Walker, Faye M.
Hsieh, Kuangwen
Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples
title Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples
title_full Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples
title_fullStr Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples
title_full_unstemmed Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples
title_short Advances in Directly Amplifying Nucleic Acids from Complex Samples
title_sort advances in directly amplifying nucleic acids from complex samples
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6955841/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31574959
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9040117
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