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Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia

Q fever is an emerging health problem in both humans and animals. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) antibodies in the Estonian population, we analyzed plasma samples from 1000 individuals representing the general population and 556 individual serum samples from five popul...

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Autores principales: Neare, Kädi, Janson, Marilin, Hütt, Pirje, Lassen, Brian, Viltrop, Arvo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956122/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795442
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120629
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author Neare, Kädi
Janson, Marilin
Hütt, Pirje
Lassen, Brian
Viltrop, Arvo
author_facet Neare, Kädi
Janson, Marilin
Hütt, Pirje
Lassen, Brian
Viltrop, Arvo
author_sort Neare, Kädi
collection PubMed
description Q fever is an emerging health problem in both humans and animals. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) antibodies in the Estonian population, we analyzed plasma samples from 1000 individuals representing the general population and 556 individual serum samples from five population groups potentially at a higher risk (veterinary professionals, dairy cattle, beef cattle, and small ruminant stockbreeders and hunters). Additionally, 118 dairy cow bulk tank milk samples were analyzed to establish the infection status of the dairy cattle herds and the participating dairy cattle keepers. Questionnaires were used to find the potential risk factors of exposure. The effects of different variables were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis and mixed-effects logistic analysis. The prevalence in veterinary professionals (9.62%; p = 0.003) and dairy cattle farmers (7.73%; p = 0.047) was significantly higher than in the general population (3.9%). Contact with production animals in veterinary practice and being a dairy stockbreeder in C. burnetii positive farms were risk factors for testing C. burnetii seropositive (p = 0.038 and p = 0.019, respectively). Results suggest that C. burnetii is present in Estonia and the increased risk of infection in humans is associated with farm animal contact.
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spelling pubmed-69561222020-01-23 Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia Neare, Kädi Janson, Marilin Hütt, Pirje Lassen, Brian Viltrop, Arvo Microorganisms Article Q fever is an emerging health problem in both humans and animals. To estimate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) antibodies in the Estonian population, we analyzed plasma samples from 1000 individuals representing the general population and 556 individual serum samples from five population groups potentially at a higher risk (veterinary professionals, dairy cattle, beef cattle, and small ruminant stockbreeders and hunters). Additionally, 118 dairy cow bulk tank milk samples were analyzed to establish the infection status of the dairy cattle herds and the participating dairy cattle keepers. Questionnaires were used to find the potential risk factors of exposure. The effects of different variables were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis and mixed-effects logistic analysis. The prevalence in veterinary professionals (9.62%; p = 0.003) and dairy cattle farmers (7.73%; p = 0.047) was significantly higher than in the general population (3.9%). Contact with production animals in veterinary practice and being a dairy stockbreeder in C. burnetii positive farms were risk factors for testing C. burnetii seropositive (p = 0.038 and p = 0.019, respectively). Results suggest that C. burnetii is present in Estonia and the increased risk of infection in humans is associated with farm animal contact. MDPI 2019-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6956122/ /pubmed/31795442 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120629 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Neare, Kädi
Janson, Marilin
Hütt, Pirje
Lassen, Brian
Viltrop, Arvo
Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia
title Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia
title_full Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia
title_fullStr Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia
title_full_unstemmed Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia
title_short Coxiella burnetii Antibody Prevalence and Risk Factors of Infection in the Human Population of Estonia
title_sort coxiella burnetii antibody prevalence and risk factors of infection in the human population of estonia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956122/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795442
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7120629
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