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Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review
Exosomes, intraluminal vesicles that contain informative DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipid membranes derived from the original donor cells, have recently been introduced to therapy and diagnosis. With their emergence as an alternative to cell therapy and having undergone clinical trials, proper analytic...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956244/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31817039 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120649 |
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author | Kim, Do Hee Kothandan, Vinoth Kumar Kim, Hye Won Kim, Ki Seung Kim, Ji Young Cho, Hyeon Jin Lee, Yong-kyu Lee, Dong-Eun Hwang, Seung Rim |
author_facet | Kim, Do Hee Kothandan, Vinoth Kumar Kim, Hye Won Kim, Ki Seung Kim, Ji Young Cho, Hyeon Jin Lee, Yong-kyu Lee, Dong-Eun Hwang, Seung Rim |
author_sort | Kim, Do Hee |
collection | PubMed |
description | Exosomes, intraluminal vesicles that contain informative DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipid membranes derived from the original donor cells, have recently been introduced to therapy and diagnosis. With their emergence as an alternative to cell therapy and having undergone clinical trials, proper analytical standards for evaluating their pharmacokinetics must now be established. Molecular imaging techniques such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) are helpful to visualizing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of exosomes. After exosomes labelled with a fluorescer or radioisotope are administered in vivo, they are differentially distributed according to the characteristics of each tissue or lesion, and real-time biodistribution of exosomes can be noninvasively monitored. Quantitative analysis of exosome concentration in biological fluid or tissue samples is also needed for the clinical application and industrialization of exosomes. In this review, we will discuss recent pharmacokinetic applications to exosomes, including labelling methods for in vivo imaging and analytical methods for quantifying exosomes, which will be helpful for evaluating pharmacokinetics of exosomes and improving exosome development and therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6956244 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69562442020-01-23 Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review Kim, Do Hee Kothandan, Vinoth Kumar Kim, Hye Won Kim, Ki Seung Kim, Ji Young Cho, Hyeon Jin Lee, Yong-kyu Lee, Dong-Eun Hwang, Seung Rim Pharmaceutics Review Exosomes, intraluminal vesicles that contain informative DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipid membranes derived from the original donor cells, have recently been introduced to therapy and diagnosis. With their emergence as an alternative to cell therapy and having undergone clinical trials, proper analytical standards for evaluating their pharmacokinetics must now be established. Molecular imaging techniques such as fluorescence imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) are helpful to visualizing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of exosomes. After exosomes labelled with a fluorescer or radioisotope are administered in vivo, they are differentially distributed according to the characteristics of each tissue or lesion, and real-time biodistribution of exosomes can be noninvasively monitored. Quantitative analysis of exosome concentration in biological fluid or tissue samples is also needed for the clinical application and industrialization of exosomes. In this review, we will discuss recent pharmacokinetic applications to exosomes, including labelling methods for in vivo imaging and analytical methods for quantifying exosomes, which will be helpful for evaluating pharmacokinetics of exosomes and improving exosome development and therapy. MDPI 2019-12-03 /pmc/articles/PMC6956244/ /pubmed/31817039 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120649 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kim, Do Hee Kothandan, Vinoth Kumar Kim, Hye Won Kim, Ki Seung Kim, Ji Young Cho, Hyeon Jin Lee, Yong-kyu Lee, Dong-Eun Hwang, Seung Rim Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review |
title | Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review |
title_full | Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review |
title_fullStr | Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review |
title_short | Noninvasive Assessment of Exosome Pharmacokinetics In Vivo: A Review |
title_sort | noninvasive assessment of exosome pharmacokinetics in vivo: a review |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956244/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31817039 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics11120649 |
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