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Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space
Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are large-scale heliospheric transients that originate from the Sun. When an ICME is sufficiently faster than the preceding solar wind, a shock wave develops ahead of the ICME. The turbulent region between the shock and the ICME is called the sheath regi...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31997985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41116-017-0009-6 |
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author | Kilpua, Emilia Koskinen, Hannu E. J. Pulkkinen, Tuija I. |
author_facet | Kilpua, Emilia Koskinen, Hannu E. J. Pulkkinen, Tuija I. |
author_sort | Kilpua, Emilia |
collection | PubMed |
description | Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are large-scale heliospheric transients that originate from the Sun. When an ICME is sufficiently faster than the preceding solar wind, a shock wave develops ahead of the ICME. The turbulent region between the shock and the ICME is called the sheath region. ICMEs and their sheaths and shocks are all interesting structures from the fundamental plasma physics viewpoint. They are also key drivers of space weather disturbances in the heliosphere and planetary environments. ICME-driven shock waves can accelerate charged particles to high energies. Sheaths and ICMEs drive practically all intense geospace storms at the Earth, and they can also affect dramatically the planetary radiation environments and atmospheres. This review focuses on the current understanding of observational signatures and properties of ICMEs and the associated sheath regions based on five decades of studies. In addition, we discuss modelling of ICMEs and many fundamental outstanding questions on their origin, evolution and effects, largely due to the limitations of single spacecraft observations of these macro-scale structures. We also present current understanding of space weather consequences of these large-scale solar wind structures, including effects at the other Solar System planets and exoplanets. We specially emphasize the different origin, properties and consequences of the sheaths and ICMEs. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6956910 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69569102020-01-27 Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space Kilpua, Emilia Koskinen, Hannu E. J. Pulkkinen, Tuija I. Living Rev Sol Phys Review Article Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are large-scale heliospheric transients that originate from the Sun. When an ICME is sufficiently faster than the preceding solar wind, a shock wave develops ahead of the ICME. The turbulent region between the shock and the ICME is called the sheath region. ICMEs and their sheaths and shocks are all interesting structures from the fundamental plasma physics viewpoint. They are also key drivers of space weather disturbances in the heliosphere and planetary environments. ICME-driven shock waves can accelerate charged particles to high energies. Sheaths and ICMEs drive practically all intense geospace storms at the Earth, and they can also affect dramatically the planetary radiation environments and atmospheres. This review focuses on the current understanding of observational signatures and properties of ICMEs and the associated sheath regions based on five decades of studies. In addition, we discuss modelling of ICMEs and many fundamental outstanding questions on their origin, evolution and effects, largely due to the limitations of single spacecraft observations of these macro-scale structures. We also present current understanding of space weather consequences of these large-scale solar wind structures, including effects at the other Solar System planets and exoplanets. We specially emphasize the different origin, properties and consequences of the sheaths and ICMEs. Springer International Publishing 2017-11-24 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC6956910/ /pubmed/31997985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41116-017-0009-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Kilpua, Emilia Koskinen, Hannu E. J. Pulkkinen, Tuija I. Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space |
title | Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space |
title_full | Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space |
title_fullStr | Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space |
title_full_unstemmed | Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space |
title_short | Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space |
title_sort | coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6956910/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31997985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41116-017-0009-6 |
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