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Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Related Risk Factors among Thai Children Residing in a Fishing Community
The present study explored environmental and behavioral factors associated with elevated blood lead (Pb) levels in 311 children (151 girls and 160 boys), aged 3–7 years, who lived in a coastal fishing community of the Pakpoon Municipality, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. The geometric mean for blood...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6958338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31614792 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7040054 |
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author | Yimthiang, Supabhorn Waeyang, Donrawee Kuraeiad, Saruda |
author_facet | Yimthiang, Supabhorn Waeyang, Donrawee Kuraeiad, Saruda |
author_sort | Yimthiang, Supabhorn |
collection | PubMed |
description | The present study explored environmental and behavioral factors associated with elevated blood lead (Pb) levels in 311 children (151 girls and 160 boys), aged 3–7 years, who lived in a coastal fishing community of the Pakpoon Municipality, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. The geometric mean for blood Pb was 2.81 µg/dL, ranging between 0.03 and 26.40 µg/dL. The percentage of high blood Pb levels, defined as blood Pb ≥ 5 µg/dL, was 10.0% in boys and 13.9% in girls. Parental occupation in producing fishing nets with lead weights was associated with a marked increase in the prevalence odds ratio (POR) for high blood Pb (POR 17.54, 95%; CI: 7.093, 43.390; p < 0.001), while milk consumption was associated with 61% reduction in the POR for high blood Pb (POR 0.393, 95%; CI: 0.166, 0.931; p = 0.034). High blood Pb was associated with an increased risk for abnormal growth (POR 2.042, 95%; CI: 0.999, 4.174; p = 0.050). In contrast, milk consumption was associated with a 43% reduction in POR for abnormal growth (POR 0.573, 95%; CI: 0.337, 0.976; p = 0.040). After adjustment for age, the mean (standard error of mean, SE) values for blood Pb were 6.22 (0.50) μg/dL in boys and 6.72 (0.49) μg/dL in girls of parents with an occupation in making fishing nets with lead weights. These mean blood Pb values were respectively 2.3 and 2.5 times higher than similarly aged boys and girls of parents with other occupations. These data are essential for setting surveillance and programmes to prevent toxic Pb exposure, especially in children of coastal fishing communities in southern Thailand. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6958338 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69583382020-01-23 Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Related Risk Factors among Thai Children Residing in a Fishing Community Yimthiang, Supabhorn Waeyang, Donrawee Kuraeiad, Saruda Toxics Article The present study explored environmental and behavioral factors associated with elevated blood lead (Pb) levels in 311 children (151 girls and 160 boys), aged 3–7 years, who lived in a coastal fishing community of the Pakpoon Municipality, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. The geometric mean for blood Pb was 2.81 µg/dL, ranging between 0.03 and 26.40 µg/dL. The percentage of high blood Pb levels, defined as blood Pb ≥ 5 µg/dL, was 10.0% in boys and 13.9% in girls. Parental occupation in producing fishing nets with lead weights was associated with a marked increase in the prevalence odds ratio (POR) for high blood Pb (POR 17.54, 95%; CI: 7.093, 43.390; p < 0.001), while milk consumption was associated with 61% reduction in the POR for high blood Pb (POR 0.393, 95%; CI: 0.166, 0.931; p = 0.034). High blood Pb was associated with an increased risk for abnormal growth (POR 2.042, 95%; CI: 0.999, 4.174; p = 0.050). In contrast, milk consumption was associated with a 43% reduction in POR for abnormal growth (POR 0.573, 95%; CI: 0.337, 0.976; p = 0.040). After adjustment for age, the mean (standard error of mean, SE) values for blood Pb were 6.22 (0.50) μg/dL in boys and 6.72 (0.49) μg/dL in girls of parents with an occupation in making fishing nets with lead weights. These mean blood Pb values were respectively 2.3 and 2.5 times higher than similarly aged boys and girls of parents with other occupations. These data are essential for setting surveillance and programmes to prevent toxic Pb exposure, especially in children of coastal fishing communities in southern Thailand. MDPI 2019-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6958338/ /pubmed/31614792 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7040054 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Yimthiang, Supabhorn Waeyang, Donrawee Kuraeiad, Saruda Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Related Risk Factors among Thai Children Residing in a Fishing Community |
title | Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Related Risk Factors among Thai Children Residing in a Fishing Community |
title_full | Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Related Risk Factors among Thai Children Residing in a Fishing Community |
title_fullStr | Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Related Risk Factors among Thai Children Residing in a Fishing Community |
title_full_unstemmed | Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Related Risk Factors among Thai Children Residing in a Fishing Community |
title_short | Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Related Risk Factors among Thai Children Residing in a Fishing Community |
title_sort | screening for elevated blood lead levels and related risk factors among thai children residing in a fishing community |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6958338/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31614792 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics7040054 |
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