Peripheral retinal neovascularization secondary to highly myopic superficial Retinoschisis: a case report

BACKGROUND: Peripheral Retinal neovascularization is well-described as a complication of X-linked retinoschisis, but less often observed in myopic and primary retinoschisis. We present a case of a myopic female who developed retinal microvascular abnormalities due to retinoschisis and subsequent vitreous hemorrhage which would cause severe visual damage without timely and proper treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 38-year-old highly myopic Chinese female complained of blurred vision in her right eye. Her best corrected visual acuitiy was 20/20 OU, and her refraction was − 9.00S OU. Dilated fundus examination revealed mild vitreous hemorrhage and abnormal vascular network nasal to the optic disc in her right eye. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)- angiography (OCTA) B-Scan showed superficial retinoschisis and well-depicted abnormal retinal microvascular network in inner retinal layer. Sectoral scatter laser photocoagulation was administered. Regression of most abnormal vessels was achieved in 1 month, but the patient experienced an unexpected episode of vitreous hemorrhage 3 months after the initial treatment, which was absorbed spontaneously in 2 weeks. Supplemental laser photocoagulation was applied and regular follow-up visit was suggested. CONCLUSION: Superficial retinoschisis in pathological myopia can be a driver of retinal microvascular abnormalities, possibly neovascularization, an extremely rare but severe complication which can be vision-threatening without timely and proper intervention.