Rosai–Dorfman disease manifesting as epibulbar and orbital tumor: A case report and literature review

RATIONALE: Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare nonmalignant cell histiocytosis. Here, we report a rare, unusual clinical presentation of epibulbar and orbital tumor as a manifestation of RDD. We also review the literatures on clinical cases of orbital RDD. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 44-year-old Chinese male was admitted with a 3-month history of eye redness, subconjunctival mass, and diplopia. DIAGNOSIS: An initial diagnosis of epibulbar and orbital tumor was made according to the clinical symptoms, signs, and pre-operative contrast-enhanced computerized tomography results. INTERVENTIONS: The mass was completely resected and pathology confirmed the RDD diagnosis. The patient received steroids after surgery. OUTCOMES: The patient recovered well on 18-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: This appears to be the first report of RDD manifesting as epibulbar and orbital tumor. Pre-operative diagnosis of RDD remains challenging. When the lesion causes diplopia, surgical resection is the most effective treatment.