Cargando…
A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization
In this work, a new methodology for the synthesis of three-component polymers (TCPs) was developed using a seeded, semi-continuous free-radical emulsion polymerization towards the optimization of the moduli–ultimate deformation performance and energy dissipation capacity for a styrene (S), n-butyl a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6960602/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861220 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122125 |
_version_ | 1783487808781942784 |
---|---|
author | Rivera-Gálvez, Francisco J. González-Ortiz, Luis J. López-Manchado, Miguel A. Hernández-Hernández, María E. Jasso-Gastinel, Carlos F. |
author_facet | Rivera-Gálvez, Francisco J. González-Ortiz, Luis J. López-Manchado, Miguel A. Hernández-Hernández, María E. Jasso-Gastinel, Carlos F. |
author_sort | Rivera-Gálvez, Francisco J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this work, a new methodology for the synthesis of three-component polymers (TCPs) was developed using a seeded, semi-continuous free-radical emulsion polymerization towards the optimization of the moduli–ultimate deformation performance and energy dissipation capacity for a styrene (S), n-butyl acrylate (BA), and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) system. The three components were sequentially fed in pairs, varying feed composition along the conversion using S as the common monomer. To prepare a reference material, an industrial method was utilized with those monomers, using an equivalent global composition in a two-stage batch process (TS). Nanophase formation in the particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the separation of the phases in the solid samples was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The changes in glass transition temperature were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The latter was primarily used to compare mechanodynamic properties as a function of temperature for the two synthesis methods used. Thus, the higher toughness of the forced composition three-component polymeric materials was evaluated by means of their energy dissipation capacity, toughness, and stress–strain measurements at several temperatures. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6960602 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69606022020-01-23 A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization Rivera-Gálvez, Francisco J. González-Ortiz, Luis J. López-Manchado, Miguel A. Hernández-Hernández, María E. Jasso-Gastinel, Carlos F. Polymers (Basel) Article In this work, a new methodology for the synthesis of three-component polymers (TCPs) was developed using a seeded, semi-continuous free-radical emulsion polymerization towards the optimization of the moduli–ultimate deformation performance and energy dissipation capacity for a styrene (S), n-butyl acrylate (BA), and 4-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) system. The three components were sequentially fed in pairs, varying feed composition along the conversion using S as the common monomer. To prepare a reference material, an industrial method was utilized with those monomers, using an equivalent global composition in a two-stage batch process (TS). Nanophase formation in the particles was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), while the separation of the phases in the solid samples was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The changes in glass transition temperature were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The latter was primarily used to compare mechanodynamic properties as a function of temperature for the two synthesis methods used. Thus, the higher toughness of the forced composition three-component polymeric materials was evaluated by means of their energy dissipation capacity, toughness, and stress–strain measurements at several temperatures. MDPI 2019-12-17 /pmc/articles/PMC6960602/ /pubmed/31861220 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122125 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Rivera-Gálvez, Francisco J. González-Ortiz, Luis J. López-Manchado, Miguel A. Hernández-Hernández, María E. Jasso-Gastinel, Carlos F. A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization |
title | A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization |
title_full | A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization |
title_fullStr | A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization |
title_full_unstemmed | A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization |
title_short | A Methodology Towards Mechanical Properties Optimization of Three-Component Polymers by the Gradual Variation of Feed Composition in Semi-Continuous Emulsion-Free Radical Polymerization |
title_sort | methodology towards mechanical properties optimization of three-component polymers by the gradual variation of feed composition in semi-continuous emulsion-free radical polymerization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6960602/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861220 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122125 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT riveragalvezfranciscoj amethodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT gonzalezortizluisj amethodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT lopezmanchadomiguela amethodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT hernandezhernandezmariae amethodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT jassogastinelcarlosf amethodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT riveragalvezfranciscoj methodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT gonzalezortizluisj methodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT lopezmanchadomiguela methodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT hernandezhernandezmariae methodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization AT jassogastinelcarlosf methodologytowardsmechanicalpropertiesoptimizationofthreecomponentpolymersbythegradualvariationoffeedcompositioninsemicontinuousemulsionfreeradicalpolymerization |