Maxillary mesenchymal chondrosarcoma leading to a diagnosis of Li-Fraumeni syndrome

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (MCS) is a rare histological variant of chondrosarcoma, with aggressive behaviour. Due to the unique nature of this disease, management strategies are not well established. Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is a rare cancer predisposition syndrome with a wide tumour spectrum, associated with TP53 germline mutations. We report a case of MCS of the maxilla, treated with surgical excision and adjuvant chemotherapy, in a patient with a past medical history of choroid plexus papilloma and a family history of early age first-degree cervical uterine cancer, that led to the clinical suspicion of a cancer predisposition syndrome and the subsequent diagnosis of LFS. This is the first MCS described in a LFS case. It demonstrates that adjuvant chemotherapy should be considered, in conjunction with surgical excision, in MCS and that cancer predisposition syndromes should be suspected in patients with multiple neoplasms and a strong family history of cancer.