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Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species

Immunosuppressive drugs are administered to a number of patients; e.g., to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive drugs impair the immune system and thus increase the risk of invasive fungal disease, but may exhibit antifungal activity at the same time. We invest...

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Autores principales: Schmidt, Stanislaw, Hogardt, Michael, Demir, Asuman, Röger, Frauke, Lehrnbecher, Thomas
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795350
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040273
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author Schmidt, Stanislaw
Hogardt, Michael
Demir, Asuman
Röger, Frauke
Lehrnbecher, Thomas
author_facet Schmidt, Stanislaw
Hogardt, Michael
Demir, Asuman
Röger, Frauke
Lehrnbecher, Thomas
author_sort Schmidt, Stanislaw
collection PubMed
description Immunosuppressive drugs are administered to a number of patients; e.g., to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive drugs impair the immune system and thus increase the risk of invasive fungal disease, but may exhibit antifungal activity at the same time. We investigated the impact of various concentrations of three commonly used immunosuppressive compounds—cyclosporin A (CsA), methylprednisolone (mPRED), and mycophenolic acid (MPA)—on the growth and viability of five clinically important Aspergillus species. Methods included disc diffusion, optical density of mycelium, and viability assays such as XTT. MPA and CsA had a species-specific and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of all Aspergillus spp. tested, although growth inhibition by MPA was highest in A. niger, A. flavus and A. brasiliensis. Both agents exhibited species-specific hyphal damage, which was higher when the immunosuppressants were added to growing conidia than to mycelium. In contrast, mPRED increased the growth of A. niger, but had no major impact on the growth and viability of any of the other Aspergillus species tested. Our findings may help to better understand the interaction of drugs with Aspergillus species and ultimately may have an impact on individualizing immunosuppressive therapy.
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spelling pubmed-69635202020-01-30 Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species Schmidt, Stanislaw Hogardt, Michael Demir, Asuman Röger, Frauke Lehrnbecher, Thomas Pathogens Article Immunosuppressive drugs are administered to a number of patients; e.g., to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive drugs impair the immune system and thus increase the risk of invasive fungal disease, but may exhibit antifungal activity at the same time. We investigated the impact of various concentrations of three commonly used immunosuppressive compounds—cyclosporin A (CsA), methylprednisolone (mPRED), and mycophenolic acid (MPA)—on the growth and viability of five clinically important Aspergillus species. Methods included disc diffusion, optical density of mycelium, and viability assays such as XTT. MPA and CsA had a species-specific and dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the growth of all Aspergillus spp. tested, although growth inhibition by MPA was highest in A. niger, A. flavus and A. brasiliensis. Both agents exhibited species-specific hyphal damage, which was higher when the immunosuppressants were added to growing conidia than to mycelium. In contrast, mPRED increased the growth of A. niger, but had no major impact on the growth and viability of any of the other Aspergillus species tested. Our findings may help to better understand the interaction of drugs with Aspergillus species and ultimately may have an impact on individualizing immunosuppressive therapy. MDPI 2019-11-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6963520/ /pubmed/31795350 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040273 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Schmidt, Stanislaw
Hogardt, Michael
Demir, Asuman
Röger, Frauke
Lehrnbecher, Thomas
Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species
title Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species
title_full Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species
title_fullStr Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species
title_full_unstemmed Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species
title_short Immunosuppressive Compounds Affect the Fungal Growth and Viability of Defined Aspergillus Species
title_sort immunosuppressive compounds affect the fungal growth and viability of defined aspergillus species
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963520/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31795350
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040273
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