Cargando…

Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus

Birds are the main natural host of West Nile virus (WNV), the worldwide most distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus, but humans and equids can also be sporadic hosts. Many avian species have been reported as susceptible to WNV, particularly corvids. In the case that clinical disease develops in birds...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jiménez de Oya, Nereida, Escribano-Romero, Estela, Blázquez, Ana-Belén, Martín-Acebes, Miguel A., Saiz, Juan-Carlos
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547632
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040126
_version_ 1783488319368200192
author Jiménez de Oya, Nereida
Escribano-Romero, Estela
Blázquez, Ana-Belén
Martín-Acebes, Miguel A.
Saiz, Juan-Carlos
author_facet Jiménez de Oya, Nereida
Escribano-Romero, Estela
Blázquez, Ana-Belén
Martín-Acebes, Miguel A.
Saiz, Juan-Carlos
author_sort Jiménez de Oya, Nereida
collection PubMed
description Birds are the main natural host of West Nile virus (WNV), the worldwide most distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus, but humans and equids can also be sporadic hosts. Many avian species have been reported as susceptible to WNV, particularly corvids. In the case that clinical disease develops in birds, this is due to virus invasion of different organs: liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and mainly the central nervous system, which can lead to death 24–48 h later. Nowadays, vaccines have only been licensed for use in equids; thus, the availability of avian vaccines would benefit bird populations, both domestic and wild ones. Such vaccines could be used in endangered species housed in rehabilitation and wildlife reserves, and in animals located at zoos and other recreational installations, but also in farm birds, and in those that are grown for hunting and restocking activities. Even more, controlling WNV infection in birds can also be useful to prevent its spread and limit outbreaks. So far, different commercial and experimental vaccines (inactivated, attenuated, and recombinant viruses, and subunits and DNA-based candidates) have been evaluated, with various regimens, both in domestic and wild avian species. However, there are still disadvantages that must be overcome before avian vaccination can be implemented, such as its cost-effectiveness for domestic birds since in many species the pathogenicity is low or zero, or the viability of being able to achieve collective immunity in wild birds in freedom. Here, a comprehensive review of what has been done until now in the field of avian vaccines against WNV is presented and discussed.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6963603
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-69636032020-01-27 Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus Jiménez de Oya, Nereida Escribano-Romero, Estela Blázquez, Ana-Belén Martín-Acebes, Miguel A. Saiz, Juan-Carlos Vaccines (Basel) Review Birds are the main natural host of West Nile virus (WNV), the worldwide most distributed mosquito-borne flavivirus, but humans and equids can also be sporadic hosts. Many avian species have been reported as susceptible to WNV, particularly corvids. In the case that clinical disease develops in birds, this is due to virus invasion of different organs: liver, spleen, kidney, heart, and mainly the central nervous system, which can lead to death 24–48 h later. Nowadays, vaccines have only been licensed for use in equids; thus, the availability of avian vaccines would benefit bird populations, both domestic and wild ones. Such vaccines could be used in endangered species housed in rehabilitation and wildlife reserves, and in animals located at zoos and other recreational installations, but also in farm birds, and in those that are grown for hunting and restocking activities. Even more, controlling WNV infection in birds can also be useful to prevent its spread and limit outbreaks. So far, different commercial and experimental vaccines (inactivated, attenuated, and recombinant viruses, and subunits and DNA-based candidates) have been evaluated, with various regimens, both in domestic and wild avian species. However, there are still disadvantages that must be overcome before avian vaccination can be implemented, such as its cost-effectiveness for domestic birds since in many species the pathogenicity is low or zero, or the viability of being able to achieve collective immunity in wild birds in freedom. Here, a comprehensive review of what has been done until now in the field of avian vaccines against WNV is presented and discussed. MDPI 2019-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6963603/ /pubmed/31547632 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040126 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Jiménez de Oya, Nereida
Escribano-Romero, Estela
Blázquez, Ana-Belén
Martín-Acebes, Miguel A.
Saiz, Juan-Carlos
Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus
title Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus
title_full Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus
title_fullStr Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus
title_full_unstemmed Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus
title_short Current Progress of Avian Vaccines Against West Nile Virus
title_sort current progress of avian vaccines against west nile virus
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547632
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040126
work_keys_str_mv AT jimenezdeoyanereida currentprogressofavianvaccinesagainstwestnilevirus
AT escribanoromeroestela currentprogressofavianvaccinesagainstwestnilevirus
AT blazquezanabelen currentprogressofavianvaccinesagainstwestnilevirus
AT martinacebesmiguela currentprogressofavianvaccinesagainstwestnilevirus
AT saizjuancarlos currentprogressofavianvaccinesagainstwestnilevirus