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The Quality Assessment of Commercial Lycium Berries Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and Chemometrics

Lycium (also known as Goji berry) is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with claimed benefits, including eye and liver protection, immune system fortification and blood glucose control. The commercially available product comes from either the L. barbarum or L. chinense species, with the form...

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Autores principales: Jarouche, Mariam, Suresh, Harsha, Hennell, James, Sullivan, Shaun, Lee, Samiuela, Singh, Swastika, Power, Declan, Xu, Cindy, Khoo, Cheang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847243
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120604
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author Jarouche, Mariam
Suresh, Harsha
Hennell, James
Sullivan, Shaun
Lee, Samiuela
Singh, Swastika
Power, Declan
Xu, Cindy
Khoo, Cheang
author_facet Jarouche, Mariam
Suresh, Harsha
Hennell, James
Sullivan, Shaun
Lee, Samiuela
Singh, Swastika
Power, Declan
Xu, Cindy
Khoo, Cheang
author_sort Jarouche, Mariam
collection PubMed
description Lycium (also known as Goji berry) is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with claimed benefits, including eye and liver protection, immune system fortification and blood glucose control. The commercially available product comes from either the L. barbarum or L. chinense species, with the former dominating the marketplace due to its better taste profile. The main objective of this study was to develop a validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method to quantify multiple key bio-active analytes in commercially available Lycium berries and to qualitatively assess these samples using a principal component analysis (PCA). A LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the quantitation of seven analytes selected using the Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System (Herb MaRS) was developed. The Herb MaRS ranking system considered bioavailability, bioactivity and physiological action of each target analyte, its intended use and the commercial availability of an analytical standard. After method optimization combining high resolving power with selective detection, seven analytes were quantified and the Lycium samples were quantitatively profiled. Chromatographic spectra were also obtained using longer run-time LC-UV and GC-MS methods in order to qualitatively assess the samples using a principal component analysis (PCA). The result of the method validation procedure was a 15.5 min LC-ESI-MS/MS method developed for the quantification of seven analytes in commercial Lycium samples. Wide variation in analyte concentration was observed with the following results (analyte range in mg/g): rutin, 16.1–49.2; narcissin, 0.37–1.65; nictoflorin, 0.26–0.78; coumaric acid, 6.84–12.2; scopoletin, 0.33–2.61; caffeic acid, 0.08–0.32; chlorogenic acid, 1.1–9.12. The quantitative results for the L. barbarum and L. chinense species samples indicate that they cannot be differentiated based on the bio-actives tested. A qualitative assessment using PCA generated from un-targeted LC-UV and GC-MS phytochemical spectra led to the same conclusion. The un-targeted quantitative and qualitative phytochemical profiling indicates that commercial L. barbarum and L. chinense cannot be distinguished using chemical analytical methods. Genetic fingerprinting and pharmacological testing may be needed to ensure the efficacy of commercial Lycium in order to validate label claims.
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spelling pubmed-69638522020-01-27 The Quality Assessment of Commercial Lycium Berries Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and Chemometrics Jarouche, Mariam Suresh, Harsha Hennell, James Sullivan, Shaun Lee, Samiuela Singh, Swastika Power, Declan Xu, Cindy Khoo, Cheang Plants (Basel) Article Lycium (also known as Goji berry) is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with claimed benefits, including eye and liver protection, immune system fortification and blood glucose control. The commercially available product comes from either the L. barbarum or L. chinense species, with the former dominating the marketplace due to its better taste profile. The main objective of this study was to develop a validated LC-ESI-MS/MS method to quantify multiple key bio-active analytes in commercially available Lycium berries and to qualitatively assess these samples using a principal component analysis (PCA). A LC-ESI-MS/MS method for the quantitation of seven analytes selected using the Herbal Chemical Marker Ranking System (Herb MaRS) was developed. The Herb MaRS ranking system considered bioavailability, bioactivity and physiological action of each target analyte, its intended use and the commercial availability of an analytical standard. After method optimization combining high resolving power with selective detection, seven analytes were quantified and the Lycium samples were quantitatively profiled. Chromatographic spectra were also obtained using longer run-time LC-UV and GC-MS methods in order to qualitatively assess the samples using a principal component analysis (PCA). The result of the method validation procedure was a 15.5 min LC-ESI-MS/MS method developed for the quantification of seven analytes in commercial Lycium samples. Wide variation in analyte concentration was observed with the following results (analyte range in mg/g): rutin, 16.1–49.2; narcissin, 0.37–1.65; nictoflorin, 0.26–0.78; coumaric acid, 6.84–12.2; scopoletin, 0.33–2.61; caffeic acid, 0.08–0.32; chlorogenic acid, 1.1–9.12. The quantitative results for the L. barbarum and L. chinense species samples indicate that they cannot be differentiated based on the bio-actives tested. A qualitative assessment using PCA generated from un-targeted LC-UV and GC-MS phytochemical spectra led to the same conclusion. The un-targeted quantitative and qualitative phytochemical profiling indicates that commercial L. barbarum and L. chinense cannot be distinguished using chemical analytical methods. Genetic fingerprinting and pharmacological testing may be needed to ensure the efficacy of commercial Lycium in order to validate label claims. MDPI 2019-12-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6963852/ /pubmed/31847243 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120604 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Jarouche, Mariam
Suresh, Harsha
Hennell, James
Sullivan, Shaun
Lee, Samiuela
Singh, Swastika
Power, Declan
Xu, Cindy
Khoo, Cheang
The Quality Assessment of Commercial Lycium Berries Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and Chemometrics
title The Quality Assessment of Commercial Lycium Berries Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and Chemometrics
title_full The Quality Assessment of Commercial Lycium Berries Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and Chemometrics
title_fullStr The Quality Assessment of Commercial Lycium Berries Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and Chemometrics
title_full_unstemmed The Quality Assessment of Commercial Lycium Berries Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and Chemometrics
title_short The Quality Assessment of Commercial Lycium Berries Using LC-ESI-MS/MS and Chemometrics
title_sort quality assessment of commercial lycium berries using lc-esi-ms/ms and chemometrics
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963852/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31847243
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8120604
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