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Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017

Twelve wild North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) out of a total of 44 of this species examined in an 8-year period were diagnosed with dermatopathies while being cared for at two wildlife rehabilitation clinics. Biopsy and necropsy were performed on seven and five animals, respectively. At...

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Autores principales: Needle, David B., Gibson, Robert, Hollingshead, Nicholas A., Sidor, Inga F., Marra, Nicholas J., Rothenheber, Derek, Thachil, Anil J., Stanhope, Bryce J., Stevens, Brian A., Ellis, Julie C., Spanswick, Shelley, Murray, Maureen, Goodman, Laura B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963859/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31575004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040171
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author Needle, David B.
Gibson, Robert
Hollingshead, Nicholas A.
Sidor, Inga F.
Marra, Nicholas J.
Rothenheber, Derek
Thachil, Anil J.
Stanhope, Bryce J.
Stevens, Brian A.
Ellis, Julie C.
Spanswick, Shelley
Murray, Maureen
Goodman, Laura B.
author_facet Needle, David B.
Gibson, Robert
Hollingshead, Nicholas A.
Sidor, Inga F.
Marra, Nicholas J.
Rothenheber, Derek
Thachil, Anil J.
Stanhope, Bryce J.
Stevens, Brian A.
Ellis, Julie C.
Spanswick, Shelley
Murray, Maureen
Goodman, Laura B.
author_sort Needle, David B.
collection PubMed
description Twelve wild North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) out of a total of 44 of this species examined in an 8-year period were diagnosed with dermatopathies while being cared for at two wildlife rehabilitation clinics. Biopsy and necropsy were performed on seven and five animals, respectively. Atypical dermatophytosis was diagnosed in all cases. Lesions consisted of diffuse severe epidermal hyperkeratosis and mild hyperplasia with mild lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis and no folliculitis. Dermatophytes were noted histologically as hyphae and spores in hair shafts, and follicular and epidermal keratin. Trichophyton sp. was grown in 5/6 animals where culture was performed, with a molecular diagnosis of Arthroderma benhamiae/Trichophyton mentagrophytes in these five cases. Metagenomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from three cases identified fungi from 17 orders in phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Alteration of therapy from ketaconazole, which was unsuccessful in four out of five early cases, to terbinafine or nitraconazole led to the resolution of disease and recovery to release in four subsequent animals. In all, six animals were euthanized or died due to dermatopathy, no cases resolved spontaneously, and six cases were resolved with therapy. The work we present demonstrates an atypical lesion and anatomical distribution due to dermatophytosis in a series of free-ranging wild porcupines and the successful development of novel techniques for extracting and sequencing nucleic acids from fungus in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded animal tissue.
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spelling pubmed-69638592020-01-27 Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017 Needle, David B. Gibson, Robert Hollingshead, Nicholas A. Sidor, Inga F. Marra, Nicholas J. Rothenheber, Derek Thachil, Anil J. Stanhope, Bryce J. Stevens, Brian A. Ellis, Julie C. Spanswick, Shelley Murray, Maureen Goodman, Laura B. Pathogens Article Twelve wild North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) out of a total of 44 of this species examined in an 8-year period were diagnosed with dermatopathies while being cared for at two wildlife rehabilitation clinics. Biopsy and necropsy were performed on seven and five animals, respectively. Atypical dermatophytosis was diagnosed in all cases. Lesions consisted of diffuse severe epidermal hyperkeratosis and mild hyperplasia with mild lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis and no folliculitis. Dermatophytes were noted histologically as hyphae and spores in hair shafts, and follicular and epidermal keratin. Trichophyton sp. was grown in 5/6 animals where culture was performed, with a molecular diagnosis of Arthroderma benhamiae/Trichophyton mentagrophytes in these five cases. Metagenomic analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from three cases identified fungi from 17 orders in phyla Basidiomycota and Ascomycota. Alteration of therapy from ketaconazole, which was unsuccessful in four out of five early cases, to terbinafine or nitraconazole led to the resolution of disease and recovery to release in four subsequent animals. In all, six animals were euthanized or died due to dermatopathy, no cases resolved spontaneously, and six cases were resolved with therapy. The work we present demonstrates an atypical lesion and anatomical distribution due to dermatophytosis in a series of free-ranging wild porcupines and the successful development of novel techniques for extracting and sequencing nucleic acids from fungus in archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded animal tissue. MDPI 2019-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6963859/ /pubmed/31575004 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040171 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Needle, David B.
Gibson, Robert
Hollingshead, Nicholas A.
Sidor, Inga F.
Marra, Nicholas J.
Rothenheber, Derek
Thachil, Anil J.
Stanhope, Bryce J.
Stevens, Brian A.
Ellis, Julie C.
Spanswick, Shelley
Murray, Maureen
Goodman, Laura B.
Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017
title Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017
title_full Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017
title_fullStr Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017
title_full_unstemmed Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017
title_short Atypical Dermatophytosis in 12 North American Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) from the Northeastern United States 2010–2017
title_sort atypical dermatophytosis in 12 north american porcupines (erethizon dorsatum) from the northeastern united states 2010–2017
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6963859/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31575004
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8040171
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