Rapid Discrimination of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by MALDI-TOF MS

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a serious pathogen in clinical settings and early detection is critical. Here, we investigated the MRSA discrimination potential of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) using 320 clinical S. aureus isolates obtained in 2005–2014 and 181 isolates obtained in 2018. We conducted polymerase chain reactions (PCR) for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing and MALDI-TOF MS to find specific markers for methicillin resistance. We identified 21 peaks with significant differences between MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), as determined by mecA and SCCmec types. Each specific peak was sufficient to discriminate MRSA. We developed two methods for simple discrimination according to these peaks. First, a decision tree for MRSA based on six MRSA-specific peaks, three MSSA-specific peaks, and two SCCmec type IV peaks showed a sensitivity of 96.5%. Second, simple discrimination based on four MRSA-specific peaks and one MSSA peak had a maximum sensitivity of 88.3%. The decision tree applied to 181 S. aureus isolates from 2018 had a sensitivity of 87.6%. In conclusion, we used specific peaks to develop sensitive MRSA identification methods. This rapid and easy MALDI-TOF MS approach can improve patient management.