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Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system

PURPOSE: For pencil‐beam scanning proton therapy systems, in‐air non‐Gaussian halo can significantly impact output at small field sizes and low energies. Since the low‐intensity tail of spot profile (halo) is not necessarily modeled in treatment planning systems (TPSs), this can potentially lead to...

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Autores principales: Harms, Joseph, Chang, Chih‐Wei, Zhang, Rongxiao, Lin, Liyong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6964762/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31793202
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12783
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author Harms, Joseph
Chang, Chih‐Wei
Zhang, Rongxiao
Lin, Liyong
author_facet Harms, Joseph
Chang, Chih‐Wei
Zhang, Rongxiao
Lin, Liyong
author_sort Harms, Joseph
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: For pencil‐beam scanning proton therapy systems, in‐air non‐Gaussian halo can significantly impact output at small field sizes and low energies. Since the low‐intensity tail of spot profile (halo) is not necessarily modeled in treatment planning systems (TPSs), this can potentially lead to significant differences in patient dose distribution. In this work, we report such impact for a Varian ProBeam system. METHODS: We use a pair magnification technique to measure two‐dimensional (2D) spot profiles of protons from 70 to 242 MeV at the treatment isocenter and 30 cm upstream of the isocenter. Measurements are made with both Gafchromic film and a scintillator detector coupled to a CCD camera (IBA Lynx). Spot profiles are measured down to 0.01% of their maximum intensity. Field size factors (FSFs) are compared among calculation using measured 2D profiles, calculation using a clinical treatment planning algorithm (Raystation 8A clinical Monte Carlo), and a CC04 small‐volume ion chamber. FSFs were measured for square fields of proton energies ranging from 70 to 242 MeV. RESULTS: All film and Lynx measurements agree within 1 mm for full width at half maximum beam intensity. The measured radial spot profiles disagree with simple Gaussian approximations, which are used for modeling in the TPS. FSF measurements show the magnitude of disagreements between beam output in reality and in the TPS without modeling halo. We found that the clinical TPS overestimated output by as much as 6% for small field sizes of 2 cm at the lowest energy of 70 MeV while the film and Lynx measurements agreed within 4% and 1%, respectively, for this FSF. CONCLUSIONS: If the in‐air halo for low‐energy proton beams is not fully modeled by the TPS, this could potentially lead to under‐dosing small, shallow treatment volumes in PBS treatment plans.
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spelling pubmed-69647622020-01-27 Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system Harms, Joseph Chang, Chih‐Wei Zhang, Rongxiao Lin, Liyong J Appl Clin Med Phys Technical Notes PURPOSE: For pencil‐beam scanning proton therapy systems, in‐air non‐Gaussian halo can significantly impact output at small field sizes and low energies. Since the low‐intensity tail of spot profile (halo) is not necessarily modeled in treatment planning systems (TPSs), this can potentially lead to significant differences in patient dose distribution. In this work, we report such impact for a Varian ProBeam system. METHODS: We use a pair magnification technique to measure two‐dimensional (2D) spot profiles of protons from 70 to 242 MeV at the treatment isocenter and 30 cm upstream of the isocenter. Measurements are made with both Gafchromic film and a scintillator detector coupled to a CCD camera (IBA Lynx). Spot profiles are measured down to 0.01% of their maximum intensity. Field size factors (FSFs) are compared among calculation using measured 2D profiles, calculation using a clinical treatment planning algorithm (Raystation 8A clinical Monte Carlo), and a CC04 small‐volume ion chamber. FSFs were measured for square fields of proton energies ranging from 70 to 242 MeV. RESULTS: All film and Lynx measurements agree within 1 mm for full width at half maximum beam intensity. The measured radial spot profiles disagree with simple Gaussian approximations, which are used for modeling in the TPS. FSF measurements show the magnitude of disagreements between beam output in reality and in the TPS without modeling halo. We found that the clinical TPS overestimated output by as much as 6% for small field sizes of 2 cm at the lowest energy of 70 MeV while the film and Lynx measurements agreed within 4% and 1%, respectively, for this FSF. CONCLUSIONS: If the in‐air halo for low‐energy proton beams is not fully modeled by the TPS, this could potentially lead to under‐dosing small, shallow treatment volumes in PBS treatment plans. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-12-02 /pmc/articles/PMC6964762/ /pubmed/31793202 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12783 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Technical Notes
Harms, Joseph
Chang, Chih‐Wei
Zhang, Rongxiao
Lin, Liyong
Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system
title Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system
title_full Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system
title_fullStr Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system
title_full_unstemmed Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system
title_short Nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a Varian ProBeam proton PBS system
title_sort nuclear halo measurements for accurate prediction of field size factor in a varian probeam proton pbs system
topic Technical Notes
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6964762/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31793202
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12783
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