Identifying Biomarkers to Pair with Targeting Treatments within Triple Negative Breast Cancer for Improved Patient Stratification

The concept of precision medicine has been around for many years and recent advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques are enabling this to become reality. Within the field of breast cancer, a number of signatures have been developed to molecularly sub-classify tumours. Notable examples recently approved by National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in the UK to guide treatment decisions for oestrogen receptors (ER)+ human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)- patients include Prosigna(®) test, EndoPredict(®), and Oncotype DX(®). However, a population of still unmet need are those with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Accounting for 15–20% of patients, this population has comparatively poor prognosis and as yet no targeted treatment options. Studies have shown that some patients with TNBC respond favourably to DNA damaging drugs (carboplatin) or agents which inhibit DNA damage response (poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors). Known to be a heterogeneous population, there is a need to identify further TNBC patients who may benefit from these treatments. A number of signatures have been identified based on association with treatment response or specific genetic features/pathways however many of these were not restricted to TNBC patients and as of yet are not common practice in the clinic.