Inhibition of PARP Sensitizes Chondrosarcoma Cell Lines to Chemo- and Radiotherapy Irrespective of the IDH1 or IDH2 Mutation Status

Chondrosarcomas are chemo- and radiotherapy resistant and frequently harbor mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 or IDH2), causing increased levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). DNA repair defects and synthetic lethality with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition occur in IDH mutant glioma and leukemia models. Here we evaluated DNA repair and PARP inhibition, alone or combined with chemo- or radiotherapy, in chondrosarcoma cell lines with or without endogenous IDH mutations. Chondrosarcoma cell lines treated with the PARP inhibitor talazoparib were examined for dose–response relationships, as well as underlying cell death mechanisms and DNA repair functionality. Talazoparib was combined with chemo- or radiotherapy to evaluate potential synergy. Cell lines treated long term with an inhibitor normalizing D-2-HG levels were investigated for synthetic lethality with talazoparib. We report that talazoparib sensitivity was variable and irrespective of IDH mutation status. All cell lines expressed Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), but a subset was impaired in poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) capacity, homologous recombination, and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression. Talazoparib synergized with temozolomide or radiation, independent of IDH1 mutant inhibition. This study suggests that talazoparib combined with temozolomide or radiation are promising therapeutic strategies for chondrosarcoma, irrespective of IDH mutation status. A subset of chondrosarcomas may be deficient in nonclassical DNA repair pathways, suggesting that PARP inhibitor sensitivity is multifactorial in chondrosarcoma.