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Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats
Despite the efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) replication, cytotoxic viral proteins such as HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) persist in tissues such as the brain. Although HIV-1 does not infect neuronal cells, it is su...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6968593/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32002168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2019.1703249 |
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author | Dagur, Raghubendra Singh Liao, Ke Sil, Susmita Niu, Fang Sun, Zhiqiang Lyubchenko, Yuri L. Peeples, Eric S. Hu, Guoku Buch, Shilpa |
author_facet | Dagur, Raghubendra Singh Liao, Ke Sil, Susmita Niu, Fang Sun, Zhiqiang Lyubchenko, Yuri L. Peeples, Eric S. Hu, Guoku Buch, Shilpa |
author_sort | Dagur, Raghubendra Singh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite the efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) replication, cytotoxic viral proteins such as HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) persist in tissues such as the brain. Although HIV-1 does not infect neuronal cells, it is susceptible to viral Tat protein-mediated toxicity, leading to neuroinflammation that underlies HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Given the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in both cellular homoeostasis and under pathological conditions, we sought to investigate the alterations in the quantity of neuronal-derived EVs in the brain – as defined by the presence of cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) and to evaluate the presence of L1CAM(+) EVs in the peripheral circulation of HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1 Tg) rats. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure of HIV-1 viral proteins on the release of neuronal EVs in the brain and their transfer in the systemic compartment. Brain and serum EVs were isolated from both wild type and HIV-1 Tg rats using differential ultracentrifugation with further purification using the Optiprep gradient method. The subpopulation of neuronal EVs was further enriched using immunoprecipitation. The current findings demonstrated increased presence of L1CAM(+) neuronal-derived EVs both in the brain and serum of HIV-1 Tg rats. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6968593 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69685932020-01-30 Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats Dagur, Raghubendra Singh Liao, Ke Sil, Susmita Niu, Fang Sun, Zhiqiang Lyubchenko, Yuri L. Peeples, Eric S. Hu, Guoku Buch, Shilpa J Extracell Vesicles Article Despite the efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in controlling human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) replication, cytotoxic viral proteins such as HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) persist in tissues such as the brain. Although HIV-1 does not infect neuronal cells, it is susceptible to viral Tat protein-mediated toxicity, leading to neuroinflammation that underlies HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Given the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in both cellular homoeostasis and under pathological conditions, we sought to investigate the alterations in the quantity of neuronal-derived EVs in the brain – as defined by the presence of cell adhesion molecule L1 (L1CAM) and to evaluate the presence of L1CAM(+) EVs in the peripheral circulation of HIV-1 transgenic (HIV-1 Tg) rats. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the effect of long-term exposure of HIV-1 viral proteins on the release of neuronal EVs in the brain and their transfer in the systemic compartment. Brain and serum EVs were isolated from both wild type and HIV-1 Tg rats using differential ultracentrifugation with further purification using the Optiprep gradient method. The subpopulation of neuronal EVs was further enriched using immunoprecipitation. The current findings demonstrated increased presence of L1CAM(+) neuronal-derived EVs both in the brain and serum of HIV-1 Tg rats. Taylor & Francis 2019-12-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6968593/ /pubmed/32002168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2019.1703249 Text en © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Article Dagur, Raghubendra Singh Liao, Ke Sil, Susmita Niu, Fang Sun, Zhiqiang Lyubchenko, Yuri L. Peeples, Eric S. Hu, Guoku Buch, Shilpa Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats |
title | Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats |
title_full | Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats |
title_fullStr | Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats |
title_short | Neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of HIV-1 transgenic rats |
title_sort | neuronal-derived extracellular vesicles are enriched in the brain and serum of hiv-1 transgenic rats |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6968593/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32002168 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20013078.2019.1703249 |
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