Cargando…

Increase in global emissions of HFC-23 despite near-total expected reductions

Under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, new controls are being implemented to reduce emissions of HFC-23 (CHF[Formula: see text] ), a by-product during the manufacture of HCFC-22 (CHClF[Formula: see text] ). Starting in 2015, China and India, who dominate global HCFC-22 production (75%...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Stanley, K. M., Say, D., Mühle, J., Harth, C. M., Krummel, P. B., Young, D., O’Doherty, S. J., Salameh, P. K., Simmonds, P. G., Weiss, R. F., Prinn, R. G., Fraser, P. J., Rigby, M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6972758/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31964859
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13899-4
Descripción
Sumario:Under the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, new controls are being implemented to reduce emissions of HFC-23 (CHF[Formula: see text] ), a by-product during the manufacture of HCFC-22 (CHClF[Formula: see text] ). Starting in 2015, China and India, who dominate global HCFC-22 production (75% in 2017), set out ambitious programs to reduce HFC-23 emissions. Here, we estimate that these measures should have seen global emissions drop by 87% between 2014 and 2017. Instead, atmospheric observations show that emissions have increased and in 2018 were higher than at any point in history (15.9 [Formula: see text] ). Given the magnitude of the discrepancy between expected and observation-inferred emissions, it is likely that the reported reductions have not fully materialized or there may be substantial unreported production of HCFC-22, resulting in unaccounted-for HFC-23 by-product emissions. The difference between reported and observation-inferred estimates suggests that an additional ~309 Tg [Formula: see text] -equivalent emissions were added to the atmosphere between 2015 and 2017.