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Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods
Spatially extended ecological public goods, such as forests, grasslands, and fish stocks, are at risk of being overexploited by selfish consumers–a phenomenon widely recognized as the ‘tragedy of the commons.’ The interplay of spatial and ecological dimensions introduces new features absent in non-s...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974303/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31914166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007483 |
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author | Joshi, Jaideep Brännström, Åke Dieckmann, Ulf |
author_facet | Joshi, Jaideep Brännström, Åke Dieckmann, Ulf |
author_sort | Joshi, Jaideep |
collection | PubMed |
description | Spatially extended ecological public goods, such as forests, grasslands, and fish stocks, are at risk of being overexploited by selfish consumers–a phenomenon widely recognized as the ‘tragedy of the commons.’ The interplay of spatial and ecological dimensions introduces new features absent in non-spatial ecological contexts, such as consumer mobility, local information availability, and strategy evolution through social learning in neighborhoods. It is unclear how these features interact to influence the harvesting and dispersal strategies of consumers. To answer these questions, we develop and analyze an individual-based, spatially structured, eco-evolutionary model with explicit resource dynamics. We report the following findings. (1) When harvesting efficiency is low, consumers evolve a sedentary consumption strategy, through which the resource is harvested sustainably, but with harvesting rates far below their maximum sustainable value. (2) As harvesting efficiency increases, consumers adopt a mobile ‘consume-and-disperse’ strategy, which is sustainable, equitable, and gives maximum sustainable yield. (3) A further increase in harvesting efficiency leads to large-scale overexploitation. (4) If costs of dispersal are significant, increased harvesting efficiency also leads to social inequality between frugal sedentary consumers and overexploitative mobile consumers. Whereas overexploitation can occur without social inequality, social inequality always leads to overexploitation. Thus, we identify four conditions that–while being characteristic of technological progress in modern societies–risk social inequality and overexploitation: high harvesting efficiency, moderately low costs of dispersal, high consumer density, and the tendency of consumers to adopt new strategies rapidly. We also show how access to global information–another feature widespread in modern societies–helps mitigate these risks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6974303 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69743032020-02-04 Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods Joshi, Jaideep Brännström, Åke Dieckmann, Ulf PLoS Comput Biol Research Article Spatially extended ecological public goods, such as forests, grasslands, and fish stocks, are at risk of being overexploited by selfish consumers–a phenomenon widely recognized as the ‘tragedy of the commons.’ The interplay of spatial and ecological dimensions introduces new features absent in non-spatial ecological contexts, such as consumer mobility, local information availability, and strategy evolution through social learning in neighborhoods. It is unclear how these features interact to influence the harvesting and dispersal strategies of consumers. To answer these questions, we develop and analyze an individual-based, spatially structured, eco-evolutionary model with explicit resource dynamics. We report the following findings. (1) When harvesting efficiency is low, consumers evolve a sedentary consumption strategy, through which the resource is harvested sustainably, but with harvesting rates far below their maximum sustainable value. (2) As harvesting efficiency increases, consumers adopt a mobile ‘consume-and-disperse’ strategy, which is sustainable, equitable, and gives maximum sustainable yield. (3) A further increase in harvesting efficiency leads to large-scale overexploitation. (4) If costs of dispersal are significant, increased harvesting efficiency also leads to social inequality between frugal sedentary consumers and overexploitative mobile consumers. Whereas overexploitation can occur without social inequality, social inequality always leads to overexploitation. Thus, we identify four conditions that–while being characteristic of technological progress in modern societies–risk social inequality and overexploitation: high harvesting efficiency, moderately low costs of dispersal, high consumer density, and the tendency of consumers to adopt new strategies rapidly. We also show how access to global information–another feature widespread in modern societies–helps mitigate these risks. Public Library of Science 2020-01-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6974303/ /pubmed/31914166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007483 Text en © 2020 Joshi et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Joshi, Jaideep Brännström, Åke Dieckmann, Ulf Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods |
title | Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods |
title_full | Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods |
title_fullStr | Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods |
title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods |
title_short | Emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods |
title_sort | emergence of social inequality in the spatial harvesting of renewable public goods |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974303/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31914166 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007483 |
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