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Attentional Orienting by Non-informative Cue Is Shaped via Reinforcement Learning

It has been demonstrated that a reward-associated stimulus feature captures attention involuntarily. The present study tested whether spatial attentional orienting is biased via reinforcement learning. Participants were to identify a target stimulus presented in one of two placeholders, preceded by...

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Autores principales: Cho, Sang A., Cho, Yang Seok
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32010011
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02884
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author Cho, Sang A.
Cho, Yang Seok
author_facet Cho, Sang A.
Cho, Yang Seok
author_sort Cho, Sang A.
collection PubMed
description It has been demonstrated that a reward-associated stimulus feature captures attention involuntarily. The present study tested whether spatial attentional orienting is biased via reinforcement learning. Participants were to identify a target stimulus presented in one of two placeholders, preceded by a non-informative arrow cue at the center of the display. Importantly, reward was available when the target occurred at a location cued by a reward cue, defined as a specific color (experiments 1 and 3) or a color–direction combination (experiment 2). The attentional bias of the reward cue was significantly increased as trials progressed, resulting in a greater cue-validity effect for the reward cue than the no-reward cue. This attentional bias was still evident even when controlling for the possibility that the incentive salience of the reward cue color modulates the cue-validity effect (experiment 2) or when the reward was withdrawn after reinforcement learning (experiment 3). However, it disappeared when the reward was provided regardless of cue validity (experiment 4), implying that the reinforcement contingency between reward and attentional orienting is a critical determinant of reinforcement learning-based spatial attentional modulation. Our findings highlight that a spatial attentional bias is shaped by value via reinforcement learning.
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spelling pubmed-69746242020-01-31 Attentional Orienting by Non-informative Cue Is Shaped via Reinforcement Learning Cho, Sang A. Cho, Yang Seok Front Psychol Psychology It has been demonstrated that a reward-associated stimulus feature captures attention involuntarily. The present study tested whether spatial attentional orienting is biased via reinforcement learning. Participants were to identify a target stimulus presented in one of two placeholders, preceded by a non-informative arrow cue at the center of the display. Importantly, reward was available when the target occurred at a location cued by a reward cue, defined as a specific color (experiments 1 and 3) or a color–direction combination (experiment 2). The attentional bias of the reward cue was significantly increased as trials progressed, resulting in a greater cue-validity effect for the reward cue than the no-reward cue. This attentional bias was still evident even when controlling for the possibility that the incentive salience of the reward cue color modulates the cue-validity effect (experiment 2) or when the reward was withdrawn after reinforcement learning (experiment 3). However, it disappeared when the reward was provided regardless of cue validity (experiment 4), implying that the reinforcement contingency between reward and attentional orienting is a critical determinant of reinforcement learning-based spatial attentional modulation. Our findings highlight that a spatial attentional bias is shaped by value via reinforcement learning. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-01-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6974624/ /pubmed/32010011 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02884 Text en Copyright © 2020 Cho and Cho. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Cho, Sang A.
Cho, Yang Seok
Attentional Orienting by Non-informative Cue Is Shaped via Reinforcement Learning
title Attentional Orienting by Non-informative Cue Is Shaped via Reinforcement Learning
title_full Attentional Orienting by Non-informative Cue Is Shaped via Reinforcement Learning
title_fullStr Attentional Orienting by Non-informative Cue Is Shaped via Reinforcement Learning
title_full_unstemmed Attentional Orienting by Non-informative Cue Is Shaped via Reinforcement Learning
title_short Attentional Orienting by Non-informative Cue Is Shaped via Reinforcement Learning
title_sort attentional orienting by non-informative cue is shaped via reinforcement learning
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32010011
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02884
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