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Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool
Urban sanitation in growing cities of the Global South presents particular challenges, like the speed of their growth, the high population density, and, often, the lack of existing wastewater infrastructure. This led to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Reinvent The Toilet Challenge, a call...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
F1000 Research Limited
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32025631 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13057.2 |
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author | Hennigs, Jan Parker, Alison Collins, Matt Jiang, Ying Kolios, Athanasios McAdam, Ewan Williams, Leon Tyrrel, Sean |
author_facet | Hennigs, Jan Parker, Alison Collins, Matt Jiang, Ying Kolios, Athanasios McAdam, Ewan Williams, Leon Tyrrel, Sean |
author_sort | Hennigs, Jan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Urban sanitation in growing cities of the Global South presents particular challenges, like the speed of their growth, the high population density, and, often, the lack of existing wastewater infrastructure. This led to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Reinvent The Toilet Challenge, a call to develop novel, non-sewered sanitation technologies, which sparked the development of various inventions, like the Nano Membrane Toilet. Complex technologies like this entail an extensive product development process, including various iterations of prototype tests. While there is an abundance of literature discussing how to build prototypes, and the optimal number of tests, there has been little focus on how to plan, communicate, and conduct tests, especially in a product development endeavour of this complexity. Multiple aspects of testing prototypes are reviewed. A visual test planning tool is proposed that encompasses the entire product development process and can be used to plan and communicate prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet to ultimately achieve compliance with international standards. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6974809 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | F1000 Research Limited |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69748092020-02-04 Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool Hennigs, Jan Parker, Alison Collins, Matt Jiang, Ying Kolios, Athanasios McAdam, Ewan Williams, Leon Tyrrel, Sean Gates Open Res Research Article Urban sanitation in growing cities of the Global South presents particular challenges, like the speed of their growth, the high population density, and, often, the lack of existing wastewater infrastructure. This led to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Reinvent The Toilet Challenge, a call to develop novel, non-sewered sanitation technologies, which sparked the development of various inventions, like the Nano Membrane Toilet. Complex technologies like this entail an extensive product development process, including various iterations of prototype tests. While there is an abundance of literature discussing how to build prototypes, and the optimal number of tests, there has been little focus on how to plan, communicate, and conduct tests, especially in a product development endeavour of this complexity. Multiple aspects of testing prototypes are reviewed. A visual test planning tool is proposed that encompasses the entire product development process and can be used to plan and communicate prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet to ultimately achieve compliance with international standards. F1000 Research Limited 2019-11-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6974809/ /pubmed/32025631 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13057.2 Text en Copyright: © 2019 Hennigs J et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Hennigs, Jan Parker, Alison Collins, Matt Jiang, Ying Kolios, Athanasios McAdam, Ewan Williams, Leon Tyrrel, Sean Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool |
title | Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool |
title_full | Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool |
title_fullStr | Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool |
title_full_unstemmed | Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool |
title_short | Planning and communicating prototype tests for the Nano Membrane Toilet: A critical review and proposed visual tool |
title_sort | planning and communicating prototype tests for the nano membrane toilet: a critical review and proposed visual tool |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6974809/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32025631 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13057.2 |
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