Serum FFAs profile analysis of Normal weight and obesity individuals of Han and Uygur nationalities in China

BACKGROUND: Han and Uygur are the two main nationalities living in Xinjiang, China. There are significant differences in the incidence of metabolic diseases for two nationalities, but the specific reasons are not clear. Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, which may be closely related to the increase of serum free fatty acids (FFAs) content. This study aims to use metabolomics to compare the changes of serum FFAs profiles between normal weight (NW) and obese (OB) individuals of two nationalities, screening out the differential FFAs, predicting and evaluating their relationship with diseases. METHODS: Thirty-four kinds of FFAs in serum were detected by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) and distinctions in FFAs profiles were evaluated using a metabolomics method while Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and logistic regression models were used to explore FFAs significant for diagnosing obesity and obesity-associated comorbidities. RESULTS: In the Han nationality, ten kinds of FFAs (C7:0, C8:0, C9:0, C10:0, C11:0, C14:0, C18:2, C20:3, C20:4 and C22:6) showed significant differences between NW and OB individuals. These differential FFAs may be related to hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus. In the Uygur nationality, C20:3 and C20:5 showed significant differences between NW and OB individuals. C9:0 and C19:0, which were screened out among the female subjects, showed a good ability to predict obesity status in Uygur females (AUC = 0.950). CONCLUSION: In both the Han and Uygur nationalities, the FFAs profiles of NW individuals differed from those of OB individuals. The significantly differential FFAs are closely related to obesity and may be important risk factors for obesity and related metabolic diseases.