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Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta)

Climate change is predicted to impact freshwater aquatic environments through changes to water temperature (T(water)), river flow and eutrophication. Riverine habitats contain many economically and ecologically important fishes. One such group is the migratory salmonids, which are sensitive to warm...

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Autores principales: Nudds, Robert L, Ozolina, Karlina, Fenkes, Miriam, Wearing, Oliver H, Shiels, Holly A
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6977409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31988750
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coz108
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author Nudds, Robert L
Ozolina, Karlina
Fenkes, Miriam
Wearing, Oliver H
Shiels, Holly A
author_facet Nudds, Robert L
Ozolina, Karlina
Fenkes, Miriam
Wearing, Oliver H
Shiels, Holly A
author_sort Nudds, Robert L
collection PubMed
description Climate change is predicted to impact freshwater aquatic environments through changes to water temperature (T(water)), river flow and eutrophication. Riverine habitats contain many economically and ecologically important fishes. One such group is the migratory salmonids, which are sensitive to warm T(water) and low O(2) (hypoxia). While several studies have investigated the independent effects of T(water) and hypoxia on fish physiology, the combined effects of these stressors is less well known. Furthermore, no study has investigated the effects of T(water) and O(2) saturation levels within the range currently experienced by a salmonid species. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effects of T(water) and O(2) saturation level on the energetics and kinematics of steady-state swimming in brown trout, Salmo trutta. No effect of O(2) saturation level (70 and 100% air saturation) on tail-beat kinematics was detected. Conversely, T(water) (10, 14, 18 and 22°C) did affect tail-beat kinematics, but a trade-off between frequency (f(tail)) and amplitude (A, maximum tail excursion) maintained the Strouhal number (St = f(tail)• A/U, where U is swimming speed) within the theoretically most mechanically efficient range. Swimming oxygen consumption rate ([Formula: see text]) and cost of transport increased with both U and T(water). The only effect of O(2) saturation level was observed at the highest T(water) (22°C) and fastest swimming speed (two speeds were used—0.6 and 0.8 m s(−1)). As the extremes of this study are consistent with current summer conditions in parts of UK waterways, our findings may indicate that S. trutta will be negatively impacted by the increased T(water) and reduced O(2) levels likely presented by anthropogenic climate change.
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spelling pubmed-69774092020-01-27 Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta) Nudds, Robert L Ozolina, Karlina Fenkes, Miriam Wearing, Oliver H Shiels, Holly A Conserv Physiol Research article Climate change is predicted to impact freshwater aquatic environments through changes to water temperature (T(water)), river flow and eutrophication. Riverine habitats contain many economically and ecologically important fishes. One such group is the migratory salmonids, which are sensitive to warm T(water) and low O(2) (hypoxia). While several studies have investigated the independent effects of T(water) and hypoxia on fish physiology, the combined effects of these stressors is less well known. Furthermore, no study has investigated the effects of T(water) and O(2) saturation levels within the range currently experienced by a salmonid species. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the simultaneous effects of T(water) and O(2) saturation level on the energetics and kinematics of steady-state swimming in brown trout, Salmo trutta. No effect of O(2) saturation level (70 and 100% air saturation) on tail-beat kinematics was detected. Conversely, T(water) (10, 14, 18 and 22°C) did affect tail-beat kinematics, but a trade-off between frequency (f(tail)) and amplitude (A, maximum tail excursion) maintained the Strouhal number (St = f(tail)• A/U, where U is swimming speed) within the theoretically most mechanically efficient range. Swimming oxygen consumption rate ([Formula: see text]) and cost of transport increased with both U and T(water). The only effect of O(2) saturation level was observed at the highest T(water) (22°C) and fastest swimming speed (two speeds were used—0.6 and 0.8 m s(−1)). As the extremes of this study are consistent with current summer conditions in parts of UK waterways, our findings may indicate that S. trutta will be negatively impacted by the increased T(water) and reduced O(2) levels likely presented by anthropogenic climate change. Oxford University Press 2020-01-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6977409/ /pubmed/31988750 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coz108 Text en © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press and the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research article
Nudds, Robert L
Ozolina, Karlina
Fenkes, Miriam
Wearing, Oliver H
Shiels, Holly A
Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
title Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
title_full Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
title_fullStr Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
title_full_unstemmed Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
title_short Extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (Salmo trutta)
title_sort extreme temperature combined with hypoxia, affects swimming performance in brown trout (salmo trutta)
topic Research article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6977409/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31988750
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/conphys/coz108
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