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Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos

Clinacanthus nutans, an herbal shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments in Malaysia and Indonesia. Although the polar fraction of this plant shows non-toxic effect, the toxicity of the non-polar extract is not reported so far. Th...

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Autores principales: Murugesu, Suganya, Khatib, Alfi, Ahmed, Qamar Uddin, Ibrahim, Zalikha, Uzir, Bisha Fathamah, Benchoula, Khaled, Yusoff, Nik Idris Nik, Perumal, Vikneswari, Alajmi, Mohamed F., Salamah, Sahal, El-Seedi, Hesham R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6978205/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31993329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.020
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author Murugesu, Suganya
Khatib, Alfi
Ahmed, Qamar Uddin
Ibrahim, Zalikha
Uzir, Bisha Fathamah
Benchoula, Khaled
Yusoff, Nik Idris Nik
Perumal, Vikneswari
Alajmi, Mohamed F.
Salamah, Sahal
El-Seedi, Hesham R.
author_facet Murugesu, Suganya
Khatib, Alfi
Ahmed, Qamar Uddin
Ibrahim, Zalikha
Uzir, Bisha Fathamah
Benchoula, Khaled
Yusoff, Nik Idris Nik
Perumal, Vikneswari
Alajmi, Mohamed F.
Salamah, Sahal
El-Seedi, Hesham R.
author_sort Murugesu, Suganya
collection PubMed
description Clinacanthus nutans, an herbal shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments in Malaysia and Indonesia. Although the polar fraction of this plant shows non-toxic effect, the toxicity of the non-polar extract is not reported so far. The present study aimed to assess the toxic effect and determine the lethal concentration of this non-polar fraction using zebrafish embryos. The n-hexane fraction was partitioned from the crude extract of C. nutans obtained using 80% methanolic solution. After spawning of the adult male and female zebrafish, the eggs were collected, transferred into a 96-well plate and incubated with the n-hexane fraction at concentrations of 15.63 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml, 62.5 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml in 2% DMSO. The survival and sublethal endpoint were assessed, the mortality and hatchability rates were calculated based on microscopic observation, while the heartbeat rate was measured using DanioScope software. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the C. nutans n-hexane fraction, which was determined using probit analysis, was calculated to be 75.49 μg/mL, which is harmful. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol and stigmasterol in the n-hexane fraction.
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spelling pubmed-69782052020-01-28 Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos Murugesu, Suganya Khatib, Alfi Ahmed, Qamar Uddin Ibrahim, Zalikha Uzir, Bisha Fathamah Benchoula, Khaled Yusoff, Nik Idris Nik Perumal, Vikneswari Alajmi, Mohamed F. Salamah, Sahal El-Seedi, Hesham R. Toxicol Rep Article Clinacanthus nutans, an herbal shrub belonging to the Acanthaceae family, is traditionally used as a functional food to treat various ailments in Malaysia and Indonesia. Although the polar fraction of this plant shows non-toxic effect, the toxicity of the non-polar extract is not reported so far. The present study aimed to assess the toxic effect and determine the lethal concentration of this non-polar fraction using zebrafish embryos. The n-hexane fraction was partitioned from the crude extract of C. nutans obtained using 80% methanolic solution. After spawning of the adult male and female zebrafish, the eggs were collected, transferred into a 96-well plate and incubated with the n-hexane fraction at concentrations of 15.63 μg/ml, 31.25 μg/ml, 62.5 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml in 2% DMSO. The survival and sublethal endpoint were assessed, the mortality and hatchability rates were calculated based on microscopic observation, while the heartbeat rate was measured using DanioScope software. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) of the C. nutans n-hexane fraction, which was determined using probit analysis, was calculated to be 75.49 μg/mL, which is harmful. Moreover, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed the presence of palmitic acid, phytol, hexadecanoic acid, 1-monopalmitin, stigmast-5-ene, pentadecanoic acid, heptadecanoic acid, 1-linolenoylglycerol and stigmasterol in the n-hexane fraction. Elsevier 2019-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC6978205/ /pubmed/31993329 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.020 Text en © 2019 The Authors http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Murugesu, Suganya
Khatib, Alfi
Ahmed, Qamar Uddin
Ibrahim, Zalikha
Uzir, Bisha Fathamah
Benchoula, Khaled
Yusoff, Nik Idris Nik
Perumal, Vikneswari
Alajmi, Mohamed F.
Salamah, Sahal
El-Seedi, Hesham R.
Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_full Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_fullStr Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_full_unstemmed Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_short Toxicity study on Clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using Danio rerio embryos
title_sort toxicity study on clinacanthus nutans leaf hexane fraction using danio rerio embryos
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6978205/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31993329
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.10.020
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