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Evaluation of Urban Local-Scale Aerodynamic Parameters: Implications for the Vertical Profile of Wind Speed and for Source Areas
Nine methods to determine local-scale aerodynamic roughness length [Formula: see text] and zero-plane displacement [Formula: see text] are compared at three sites (within 60 m of each other) in London, UK. Methods include three anemometric (single-level high frequency observations), six morphometric...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Netherlands
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6979542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32025040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0248-z |
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author | Kent, Christoph W. Grimmond, Sue Barlow, Janet Gatey, David Kotthaus, Simone Lindberg, Fredrik Halios, Christos H. |
author_facet | Kent, Christoph W. Grimmond, Sue Barlow, Janet Gatey, David Kotthaus, Simone Lindberg, Fredrik Halios, Christos H. |
author_sort | Kent, Christoph W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Nine methods to determine local-scale aerodynamic roughness length [Formula: see text] and zero-plane displacement [Formula: see text] are compared at three sites (within 60 m of each other) in London, UK. Methods include three anemometric (single-level high frequency observations), six morphometric (surface geometry) and one reference-based approach (look-up tables). A footprint model is used with the morphometric methods in an iterative procedure. The results are insensitive to the initial [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] estimates. Across the three sites, [Formula: see text] varies between 5 and 45 m depending upon the method used. Morphometric methods that incorporate roughness-element height variability agree better with anemometric methods, indicating [Formula: see text] is consistently greater than the local mean building height. Depending upon method and wind direction, [Formula: see text] varies between 0.1 and 5 m with morphometric [Formula: see text] consistently being 2–3 m larger than the anemometric [Formula: see text] . No morphometric method consistently resembles the anemometric methods. Wind-speed profiles observed with Doppler lidar provide additional data with which to assess the methods. Locally determined roughness parameters are used to extrapolate wind-speed profiles to a height roughly 200 m above the canopy. Wind-speed profiles extrapolated based on morphometric methods that account for roughness-element height variability are most similar to observations. The extent of the modelled source area for measurements varies by up to a factor of three, depending upon the morphometric method used to determine [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] . |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6979542 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Springer Netherlands |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-69795422020-02-03 Evaluation of Urban Local-Scale Aerodynamic Parameters: Implications for the Vertical Profile of Wind Speed and for Source Areas Kent, Christoph W. Grimmond, Sue Barlow, Janet Gatey, David Kotthaus, Simone Lindberg, Fredrik Halios, Christos H. Boundary Layer Meteorol Research Article Nine methods to determine local-scale aerodynamic roughness length [Formula: see text] and zero-plane displacement [Formula: see text] are compared at three sites (within 60 m of each other) in London, UK. Methods include three anemometric (single-level high frequency observations), six morphometric (surface geometry) and one reference-based approach (look-up tables). A footprint model is used with the morphometric methods in an iterative procedure. The results are insensitive to the initial [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] estimates. Across the three sites, [Formula: see text] varies between 5 and 45 m depending upon the method used. Morphometric methods that incorporate roughness-element height variability agree better with anemometric methods, indicating [Formula: see text] is consistently greater than the local mean building height. Depending upon method and wind direction, [Formula: see text] varies between 0.1 and 5 m with morphometric [Formula: see text] consistently being 2–3 m larger than the anemometric [Formula: see text] . No morphometric method consistently resembles the anemometric methods. Wind-speed profiles observed with Doppler lidar provide additional data with which to assess the methods. Locally determined roughness parameters are used to extrapolate wind-speed profiles to a height roughly 200 m above the canopy. Wind-speed profiles extrapolated based on morphometric methods that account for roughness-element height variability are most similar to observations. The extent of the modelled source area for measurements varies by up to a factor of three, depending upon the morphometric method used to determine [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] . Springer Netherlands 2017-04-28 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC6979542/ /pubmed/32025040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0248-z Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Kent, Christoph W. Grimmond, Sue Barlow, Janet Gatey, David Kotthaus, Simone Lindberg, Fredrik Halios, Christos H. Evaluation of Urban Local-Scale Aerodynamic Parameters: Implications for the Vertical Profile of Wind Speed and for Source Areas |
title | Evaluation of Urban Local-Scale Aerodynamic Parameters: Implications for the Vertical Profile of Wind Speed and for Source Areas |
title_full | Evaluation of Urban Local-Scale Aerodynamic Parameters: Implications for the Vertical Profile of Wind Speed and for Source Areas |
title_fullStr | Evaluation of Urban Local-Scale Aerodynamic Parameters: Implications for the Vertical Profile of Wind Speed and for Source Areas |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Urban Local-Scale Aerodynamic Parameters: Implications for the Vertical Profile of Wind Speed and for Source Areas |
title_short | Evaluation of Urban Local-Scale Aerodynamic Parameters: Implications for the Vertical Profile of Wind Speed and for Source Areas |
title_sort | evaluation of urban local-scale aerodynamic parameters: implications for the vertical profile of wind speed and for source areas |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6979542/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32025040 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10546-017-0248-z |
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