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Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and Auxiliary Inactivation by Phytochelatins

Metal detoxification is crucial for animals to cope with environmental exposure. In snails, a pivotal role in protection against cadmium (Cd) is attributed to metallothioneins (MTs). Some gastropod species express, in a lineage-specific manner, Cd-selective MTs devoted exclusively to the binding and...

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Autores principales: Dvorak, Martin, Schnegg, Raimund, Niederwanger, Michael, Pedrini-Martha, Veronika, Ladurner, Peter, Lindner, Herbert, Kremser, Leopold, Lackner, Reinhard, Dallinger, Reinhard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6981842/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861343
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010007
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author Dvorak, Martin
Schnegg, Raimund
Niederwanger, Michael
Pedrini-Martha, Veronika
Ladurner, Peter
Lindner, Herbert
Kremser, Leopold
Lackner, Reinhard
Dallinger, Reinhard
author_facet Dvorak, Martin
Schnegg, Raimund
Niederwanger, Michael
Pedrini-Martha, Veronika
Ladurner, Peter
Lindner, Herbert
Kremser, Leopold
Lackner, Reinhard
Dallinger, Reinhard
author_sort Dvorak, Martin
collection PubMed
description Metal detoxification is crucial for animals to cope with environmental exposure. In snails, a pivotal role in protection against cadmium (Cd) is attributed to metallothioneins (MTs). Some gastropod species express, in a lineage-specific manner, Cd-selective MTs devoted exclusively to the binding and detoxification of this single metal, whereas other species of snails possess non-selective MTs, but still show a high tolerance against Cd. An explanation for this may be that invertebrates and in particular snails may also synthetize phytochelatins (PCs), originally known to be produced by plants, to provide protection against metal or metalloid toxicity. Here we demonstrate that despite the fact that similar mechanisms for Cd inactivation exist in snail species through binding of the metal to MTs, the actual detoxification pathways for this metal may follow different traits in a species-specific manner. In particular, this depends on the detoxification capacity of MTs due to their Cd-selective or non-specific binding features. In the terrestrial slug Arion vulgaris, for example, Cd is solely detoxified by a Cd-selective MT isoform (AvMT1). In contrast, the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata activates an additional pathway for metal inactivation by synthesizing phytochelatins, which compensate for the insufficient capacity of its non-selective MT system to detoxify Cd. We hypothesize that in other snails and invertebrate species, too, an alternative inactivation of the metal by PCs may occur, if their MT system is not Cd-selective enough, or its Cd loading capacity is exhausted.
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spelling pubmed-69818422020-02-07 Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and Auxiliary Inactivation by Phytochelatins Dvorak, Martin Schnegg, Raimund Niederwanger, Michael Pedrini-Martha, Veronika Ladurner, Peter Lindner, Herbert Kremser, Leopold Lackner, Reinhard Dallinger, Reinhard Int J Mol Sci Article Metal detoxification is crucial for animals to cope with environmental exposure. In snails, a pivotal role in protection against cadmium (Cd) is attributed to metallothioneins (MTs). Some gastropod species express, in a lineage-specific manner, Cd-selective MTs devoted exclusively to the binding and detoxification of this single metal, whereas other species of snails possess non-selective MTs, but still show a high tolerance against Cd. An explanation for this may be that invertebrates and in particular snails may also synthetize phytochelatins (PCs), originally known to be produced by plants, to provide protection against metal or metalloid toxicity. Here we demonstrate that despite the fact that similar mechanisms for Cd inactivation exist in snail species through binding of the metal to MTs, the actual detoxification pathways for this metal may follow different traits in a species-specific manner. In particular, this depends on the detoxification capacity of MTs due to their Cd-selective or non-specific binding features. In the terrestrial slug Arion vulgaris, for example, Cd is solely detoxified by a Cd-selective MT isoform (AvMT1). In contrast, the freshwater snail Biomphalaria glabrata activates an additional pathway for metal inactivation by synthesizing phytochelatins, which compensate for the insufficient capacity of its non-selective MT system to detoxify Cd. We hypothesize that in other snails and invertebrate species, too, an alternative inactivation of the metal by PCs may occur, if their MT system is not Cd-selective enough, or its Cd loading capacity is exhausted. MDPI 2019-12-18 /pmc/articles/PMC6981842/ /pubmed/31861343 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010007 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Dvorak, Martin
Schnegg, Raimund
Niederwanger, Michael
Pedrini-Martha, Veronika
Ladurner, Peter
Lindner, Herbert
Kremser, Leopold
Lackner, Reinhard
Dallinger, Reinhard
Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and Auxiliary Inactivation by Phytochelatins
title Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and Auxiliary Inactivation by Phytochelatins
title_full Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and Auxiliary Inactivation by Phytochelatins
title_fullStr Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and Auxiliary Inactivation by Phytochelatins
title_full_unstemmed Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and Auxiliary Inactivation by Phytochelatins
title_short Cadmium Pathways in Snails Follow a Complementary Strategy between Metallothionein Detoxification and Auxiliary Inactivation by Phytochelatins
title_sort cadmium pathways in snails follow a complementary strategy between metallothionein detoxification and auxiliary inactivation by phytochelatins
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6981842/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31861343
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010007
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