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Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are blebs of either plasma membrane or intracellular membranes carrying a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. EVs are produced by eukaryotic cells both under physiological and pathological conditions. Genetic and environmental factors (diet, stress, etc.) affec...

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Autores principales: Macia, Laurence, Nanan, Ralph, Hosseini-Beheshti, Elham, Grau, Georges E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982009/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31877909
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010107
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author Macia, Laurence
Nanan, Ralph
Hosseini-Beheshti, Elham
Grau, Georges E.
author_facet Macia, Laurence
Nanan, Ralph
Hosseini-Beheshti, Elham
Grau, Georges E.
author_sort Macia, Laurence
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are blebs of either plasma membrane or intracellular membranes carrying a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. EVs are produced by eukaryotic cells both under physiological and pathological conditions. Genetic and environmental factors (diet, stress, etc.) affecting EV cargo, regulating EV release, and consequences on immunity will be covered. EVs are found in virtually all body fluids such as plasma, saliva, amniotic fluid, and breast milk, suggesting key roles in immune development and function at different life stages from in utero to aging. These will be reviewed here. Under pathological conditions, plasma EV levels are increased and exacerbate immune activation and inflammatory reaction. Sources of EV, cells targeted, and consequences on immune function and disease development will be discussed. Both pathogenic and commensal bacteria release EV, which are classified as outer membrane vesicles when released by Gram-negative bacteria or as membrane vesicles when released by Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteria derived EVs can affect host immunity with pathogenic bacteria derived EVs having pro-inflammatory effects of host immune cells while probiotic derived EVs mostly shape the immune response towards tolerance.
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spelling pubmed-69820092020-02-07 Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development Macia, Laurence Nanan, Ralph Hosseini-Beheshti, Elham Grau, Georges E. Int J Mol Sci Review Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are blebs of either plasma membrane or intracellular membranes carrying a cargo of proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. EVs are produced by eukaryotic cells both under physiological and pathological conditions. Genetic and environmental factors (diet, stress, etc.) affecting EV cargo, regulating EV release, and consequences on immunity will be covered. EVs are found in virtually all body fluids such as plasma, saliva, amniotic fluid, and breast milk, suggesting key roles in immune development and function at different life stages from in utero to aging. These will be reviewed here. Under pathological conditions, plasma EV levels are increased and exacerbate immune activation and inflammatory reaction. Sources of EV, cells targeted, and consequences on immune function and disease development will be discussed. Both pathogenic and commensal bacteria release EV, which are classified as outer membrane vesicles when released by Gram-negative bacteria or as membrane vesicles when released by Gram-positive bacteria. Bacteria derived EVs can affect host immunity with pathogenic bacteria derived EVs having pro-inflammatory effects of host immune cells while probiotic derived EVs mostly shape the immune response towards tolerance. MDPI 2019-12-22 /pmc/articles/PMC6982009/ /pubmed/31877909 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010107 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Macia, Laurence
Nanan, Ralph
Hosseini-Beheshti, Elham
Grau, Georges E.
Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development
title Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development
title_full Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development
title_fullStr Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development
title_full_unstemmed Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development
title_short Host- and Microbiota-Derived Extracellular Vesicles, Immune Function, and Disease Development
title_sort host- and microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles, immune function, and disease development
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982009/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31877909
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010107
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