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News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology

RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) (known also as NRSF) is a well-known transcription repressor whose strong decrease induces the distinction of neurons with respect to the other cells. Such distinction depends on the marked increased/decreased expression of specific genes, accompanied by pa...

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Autores principales: Garcia-Manteiga, Jose M., D’Alessandro, Rosalba, Meldolesi, Jacopo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982158/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31905747
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010235
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author Garcia-Manteiga, Jose M.
D’Alessandro, Rosalba
Meldolesi, Jacopo
author_facet Garcia-Manteiga, Jose M.
D’Alessandro, Rosalba
Meldolesi, Jacopo
author_sort Garcia-Manteiga, Jose M.
collection PubMed
description RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) (known also as NRSF) is a well-known transcription repressor whose strong decrease induces the distinction of neurons with respect to the other cells. Such distinction depends on the marked increased/decreased expression of specific genes, accompanied by parallel changes of the corresponding proteins. Many properties of REST had been identified in the past. Here we report those identified during the last 5 years. Among physiological discoveries are hundreds of genes governed directly/indirectly by REST, the mechanisms of its neuron/fibroblast conversions, and the cooperations with numerous distinct factors induced at the epigenetic level and essential for REST specific functions. New effects induced in neurons during brain diseases depend on the localization of REST, in the nucleus, where functions and toxicity occur, and in the cytoplasm. The effects of REST, including cell aggression or protection, are variable in neurodegenerative diseases in view of the distinct mechanisms of their pathology. Moreover, cooperations are among the mechanisms that govern the severity of brain cancers, glioblastomas, and medulloblastomas. Interestingly, the role in cancers is relevant also for therapeutic perspectives affecting the REST cooperations. In conclusion, part of the new REST knowledge in physiology and pathology appears promising for future developments in research and brain diseases.
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spelling pubmed-69821582020-02-07 News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology Garcia-Manteiga, Jose M. D’Alessandro, Rosalba Meldolesi, Jacopo Int J Mol Sci Review RE-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) (known also as NRSF) is a well-known transcription repressor whose strong decrease induces the distinction of neurons with respect to the other cells. Such distinction depends on the marked increased/decreased expression of specific genes, accompanied by parallel changes of the corresponding proteins. Many properties of REST had been identified in the past. Here we report those identified during the last 5 years. Among physiological discoveries are hundreds of genes governed directly/indirectly by REST, the mechanisms of its neuron/fibroblast conversions, and the cooperations with numerous distinct factors induced at the epigenetic level and essential for REST specific functions. New effects induced in neurons during brain diseases depend on the localization of REST, in the nucleus, where functions and toxicity occur, and in the cytoplasm. The effects of REST, including cell aggression or protection, are variable in neurodegenerative diseases in view of the distinct mechanisms of their pathology. Moreover, cooperations are among the mechanisms that govern the severity of brain cancers, glioblastomas, and medulloblastomas. Interestingly, the role in cancers is relevant also for therapeutic perspectives affecting the REST cooperations. In conclusion, part of the new REST knowledge in physiology and pathology appears promising for future developments in research and brain diseases. MDPI 2019-12-29 /pmc/articles/PMC6982158/ /pubmed/31905747 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010235 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Garcia-Manteiga, Jose M.
D’Alessandro, Rosalba
Meldolesi, Jacopo
News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology
title News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology
title_full News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology
title_fullStr News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology
title_full_unstemmed News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology
title_short News about the Role of the Transcription Factor REST in Neurons: From Physiology to Pathology
title_sort news about the role of the transcription factor rest in neurons: from physiology to pathology
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6982158/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31905747
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010235
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